Association Between Caregivers’ Family Management and Quality of Life in Children with Chronic Disease in Southern Thailand

Figures & data

Table 1 Demographic Data of Caregivers (n = 200)

Demographic Data	n (%)
Age (year) Range 18–76, = 88.38, S.D. = 9.03
18–20 years	2 (1)
21–40 years	118 (59)
41–60 years	74 (37)
> 60 years	6 (3)
Relationship with the children
Father	16 (8)
Mother	157(78.5)
Grandmother/Grandfather	17 (8.5)
Uncle/Aunt	7 (3.5)
Older sister	3(1.5)
Marital status
Single	16 (8)
Married	153(76.5)
Divorced/separated	31(15.5)
Levels of education
Primary education	39(19.5)
Secondary education	82 (41)
Diploma education	20 (10)
Undergraduate/Graduate degree	59(29.5)
Occupation
Employment	63(31.5)
Agriculturist	33(16.5)
Housewife	39(19.5)
Trader	36 (18)
Government employee	22 (11)
Private business	7(3.5)
Household income/ month (THB)
< 10,000	80 (40)
10,000–20,000	67(33.5)
20,001–30,000	26 (13)
> 30,000	27(13.5)
Experience in caring for children
Experienced	124 (62)
Non-experienced	76 (38)

Table 2 Demographic Data of Children with Chronic Disease (n= 200)

Demographic Data	n (%)
Gender
Male	116 (58)
Female	84 (42)
Age (year) Range 5–12, = 7.53, SD = 2.05
5–7 years	104 (52)
8–12 years	96 (48)
Age at which the illness for the first time
< 1 years old	82 (41)
1–3 years old	66 (33)
3–5 years old	28 (14)
> 5 years old	24 (12)
The number of times of treatment at the hospital
1–3 times/year	76 (38)
4–7 times/year	52 (26)
7–10 times/year	16 (8)
>10 times/year	56 (28)
Chronic diseases of the children
Asthma	101(50.5)
Anemia	49(24.5)
Thalassemia	50 (25)

Table 3 Level, Mean Scores, and Standard Deviation of Family Management in Caregivers

Data	Asthma (n = 101)	Anemia (n = 49)	Thalassemia (n = 50)	Total (n = 200)
Total family management
Mean (S.D.)	165.03 (11.76)	168.27 (11.62)	169.28 (9.55)	166.88 (11.32)
Range	127–210	132–194	147–193	127–210
Easy family management
Level	Easy	Easy	Easy	Easy
Mean (S.D.)	99.87 (13.36)	99.61 (12.92)	95.46 (12.11)	98.71 (13.02)
Child’s daily life
Mean (S.D.)	19.96 (4.22)	19.84 (3.98)	18.38 (2.92)	19.54 (3.91)
Condition management ability
Mean (S.D.)	47.23 (7.26)	46.43 (6.31)	45.10 (6.55)	46.50 (6.89)
Parental mutuality
Mean (S.D.)	32.68 (6.15)	33.35 (5.60)	31.98 (5.84)	32.67 (5.93)
Difficulty family management
Level	Easy	Easy	Easy	Easy
Mean (S.D.)	65.16 (13.96)	68.65 (16.93)	73.82 (14.05)	68.18 (15.11)
Condition management effort
Mean (S.D.)	10.32 (2.49)	11.04 (3.21)	12.34 (2.45)	11.00 (2.79)
Family life difficulty
Mean (S.D.)	29.37 (8.80)	30.80 (10.25)	33.16 (9.23)	30.67 (9.37)
Condition impact
Mean (S.D.)	25.48 (5.17)	26.82 (5.85)	28.32 (4.44)	26.52 (5.29)

Table 4 Mean Scores and Standard Deviation of Quality of Life as Perceived by Caregivers and Children

Quality of Life	Asthma (n = 101)	Anemia (n = 49)	Thalassemia (n = 50)	Total (n = 200)
	Mean (S.D.)	Mean (S.D.)	Mean (S.D.)	Mean (S.D.)
Caregiver-report
Overall	67.91 (18.16)	67.35 (19.91)	63.20 (18.22)	66.59 (18.63)
Physical functioning	61.20 (24.74)	60.14 (26.80)	58.81 (24.47)	60.34 (25.08)
Psychosocial functioning	71.49 (16.73)	71.19 (19.21)	65.53 (17.15)	69.93 (17.57)
Emotional functioning	75.94 (18.58)	76.63 (18.55)	69.30 (19.74)	74.45 (19.01)
Social functioning	78.76 (17.53)	76.73 (22.09)	73.80 (17.74)	77.03 (18.81)
School functioning	59.75 (21.22)	60.20 (24.89)	53.50 (22.68)	58.30 (22.59)
Children-report
Overall	83.39 (12.43)	82.36 (16.55)	76.62 (14.82)	81.45 (14.34)
Physical functioning	84.31 (14.89)	83.48 (19.16)	77.88 (17.24)	82.50 (16.75)
Psychosocial functioning	82.90 (13.60)	81.77 (18.16)	76.00 (15.55)	80.90 (15.50)
Emotional functioning	80.40 (17.70)	80.00 (20.84)	75.60 (19.18)	79.10 (18.89)
Social functioning	90.00 (13.71)	86.84 (19.73)	83.40 (15.57)	87.58 (15.99)
School functioning	78.32 (15.96)	78.47 (19.98)	69.00 (21.33)	76.03 (18.78)

Table 5 Correlation Coefficient Statistics Between Family Management and Quality of Life (n = 200)

Data	Quality of Life (r)
	Total Score	Physical Functioning	Psychosocial Functioning	Emotional Functioning	Social Functioning	School Functioning
Easy FM	0.22**	0.14	0.25**	0.24**	0.23**	0.14
Difficulty FM	−0.26**	−0.15*	−0.29**	−0.36**	−0.24**	−0.14

Note: *p<0.05, **p<0.01.