Medication Belief is Associated with Improved Adherence to Exclusive Enteral Nutrition in Patients with Crohn’s Disease

Figures & data

Table 1 Participants’ Characteristics (N=131)

Characteristics		n (%)
Age	33.44±11.17
Sex	Male	77(58.8)
	Female	54(41.2)
Education level	High school graduation or below	42(32.1)
	Bachelor’s level	79(60.3)
	Master’s and Doctorate’s level	10(7.6)
Residence	Rural	41(31.3)
	Urban	90(68.7)
Residents in household	Lives alone	9(6.9)
	Two or more	122(93.1)
Working status	Full-time job	69(52.7)
	Part-time job	8(6.1)
	Students	20(15.3)
	No job	34(26.0)
Marital status	Non-Married	53(40.5)
	Married	78(59.5)
Medicare	No	2(1.5)
	Yes	129(98.5)
Disease duration
< 1 year		49(37.4)
≥1 and <5 years		43(32.8)
≥5 and <10 years		28(21.4)
≥10 years		11(8.4)
Montreal Classification
L1(ileal localization)		51(38.93)
L2(colonic localization)		5(3.82)
L3(ileocolonic localization)		75(57.25)
L4a (from mouth to treitz ligament)		14(10.69)
L4b (from treitz ligament to distal 1/3 ileum)		64(48.85)
B1(non-stricturing, non-penetrating behavior)		33(25.19)
B2(stricturing behavior)		94(71.76)
B3(penetrating behavior)		39(29.77)
p(perineal disease)		70(53.44)
ESR (mm/h) *		29.00(23.00~35.00)
CRP (g/L) *		7.50(5.5~24.45)
Fecal calprotectin (µg/g) *		1227.12(380.95~1800.00)
Duration of EEN
	2 weeks	45(34.4)
	4 weeks	47(35.9)
	8 weeks	39(29.8)
The type of enteral nutritional most commonly used
Enteral Nutritional Powder		89(67.9)
Enteral Nutritional Suspension		42(32.1)
Have you ever received enteral nutritional before?
Yes, I have exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN)		43(32.8)
Yes, I have partial enteral nutrition (PEN)		25(19.1)
I have heard of it before		11(8.4)
I heard it for the first time		52(39.7)

Note: *Presented as median (P₂₅, P₇₅).

Table 2 Predictive Factors for Adherence to EEN (Univariate Analysis)

Characteristics	Low Adherence (%)	High Adherence(%)	P/F value
Patients	35(26.7)	96(73.3)
Age	32.34±11.12	33.84±11.22	0.857
Sex			0.864
Male	21(60.0)	56(58.3)
Female	14(40.0)	40(41.7)
Education level			0.240
Under college graduate	14(40.0)	28(29.2)
College graduate and above	21(60.0)	68(70.8)
Residence			0.032
Rural	16(45.7)	25(26.0)
Urban	19(54.3)	71(74.0)
Residents in household			0.307
Lives alone	1(2.9)	8(8.3)
Two or more	34(97.1)	88(91.7)
Employment			0.567
No	13(37.1)	41(42.7)
Yes	22(62.9)	55(57.3)
Marital status			0.204
No	11(31.4)	42(43.8)
Yes	24(68.6)	54(56.2)
Medicare			0.018
No	2(5.7)	0(0.0)
Yes	33(94.3)	96(100.0)
Disease duration			0.056
<5 years	29(82.9)	63(65.6)
≥5 years	6(17.1)	33(34.4)
Duration of EEN			0.161
2 weeks	14(40.0)	31(32.3)
4 weeks	15(42.9)	32(33.3)
8 weeks	6(17.1)	33(34.4)
The type of enteral nutritional most commonly used			0.110
Enteral Nutritional Powder	20(57.1)	69(71.9)
Enteral Nutritional Suspension	15(42.9)	27(28.1)
Have you ever received enteral nutritional before?			0.041
No	22(62.9)	41(42.7)
Yes	13(37.1)	55(57.3)

Table 3 Attitudes of Patients Towards Enteral Nutrition and Adherence to EEN

Attitudes	Low Adherence (%)	High Adherence (%)	P value
Cost			0.602
Dissatisfied	16(45.7)	39(40.6)
Satisfied	19(54.3)	57(59.4)
Taste			0.216
Dissatisfied	15(42.9)	30(31.3)
Satisfied	20(57.1)	66(68.7)
Storage method			0.198
Dissatisfied	8(22.9)	13(13.5)
Satisfied	27(77.1)	83(86.5)
Portability convenience			0.235
Dissatisfied	16(45.7)	33(34.4)
Satisfied	19(54.3)	63(65.6)
Purchase convenience			0.630
Dissatisfied	14(40.0)	34(35.4)
Satisfied	21(60.0)	62(64.6)

Table 4 The BMQ-Specific Score of Each Dimension and the Median Score

Dimension	Score Ranges	Score[M ((P25, P75)]
BMQ-specific necessity	11~25	18(15~20)
BMQ-specific concern	6~25	15 (12~17)
BMQ-Specific	−8~16	3 (0~5)

Table 5 Influence of Medication Belief on Adherence to EEN

BMQ-Specific Score	Low Adherence (%)	High Adherence (%)	P value
Low-BMQ (BMQ-Specific<3)	23(65.7)	42(43.8)	0.026
High-BMQ (BMQ-Specific≥3)	12(34.3)	54(56.2)