The Relationship on Exercise Anticipation, Function and Self-efficacy in Patients After Knee Surgeries Over Six Months: An Observational Study

Figures & data

Table 1 The Main Variables and Assignments

Variable	Assignment Method
1. Score
SER	1=0~30;2=31~60;3=61~90;4=91~120
SEE	1=0~30;2=31~60;3=61~90
mGES	1=0~25;2=26~50;3=51~75;4=76~100
Exercise anticipation	1=0~10;2=11~20;3=21~30
Function AKSS	1=0~25;2=26~50;3=51~75;4=76~100
Knee joint angle	1=0~10;2=11~20;3=21~
TUG	1=0~10.00;2=10.01~19.00;3=19.01~
2. Sex	1=Male, 2=Female
3. Age	1=18~65;2=66~
4. Education	1=none, primary school, lower-level vocational training, lower-level secondary general education; 2=middle-level vocational training, higher-level secondary general education; 3=higher-level vocational training, academic certification
5. Trauma reason (cause)	1= own reasons, 2=external reasons
6. Own expenses (economic)	1=<20,000, 2=20,000~, 3=50,000~

Abbreviations: mGES, modified gait efficacy scale; SEE, self-efficacy for exercise scale; SER, elf-efficacy for rehabilitation outcome scale; Function AKSS, function American Knee Society Score; TUG, time up and go test.

Table 2 Sample Characteristics (N=110)

Characteristics	Mean±SD or Number
Age, years	48.67±12.5
Sex, male	53
The time after operation, months	8.36±1.2
Ethnicity, Han nationality	102
Marital status
Not married	24
Married	79
Widowed	7
Education^a
Low	4
Medium	68
High	38
EE (range, 0–30)	15.25±4.6
Function AKSS (range, 0–100)	65.27±19.2
SER (range, 0–120)	86.51±20.0
SEE (range, 0–90)	66.25±13.5
mGES (range, 0–100)	67.78±15.9
Knee joint angle	10.92±4.3
TUG	11.49±3.0

Notes: ^aLow=none, primary school, lower-level vocational training, lower-level secondary general education; medium=middle-level vocational training, higher-level secondary general education; high=higher-level vocational training, academic education.

Abbreviations: mGES, modified gait efficacy scale; SEE, self-efficacy for exercise scale; SER, self-efficacy for rehabilitation outcome scale; Function AKSS, function American Knee Society Score; EE, exercise anticipation; TUG, time up and go test.

Figure 1 Patients’ EE score distribution. Mean=15.25, standard deviation (line)=4.6, N=110.

Abbreviation: EE, exercise anticipation.

Table 3 Spearman Correlations Between Exercise Anticipation and Other Scales

				mGES	SER	SEE	Function KSS	Knee	TUG
mGES	Spearman correlations			0.315*	0.552*	0.457*	0.354*	−0.342*	−0.419*
	Sig			0.001	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
	N			110	110	110	110	110	110
	Bootstrap^a	Deviation		0.001	−0.004	−0.002	−0.005	0.004	0.005
		Standard error		0.081	0.080	0.071	0.091	0.090	0.087
		95%CI	Floor	0.150	0.386	0.301	0.162	−0.503	−0.573
			Ceiling	0.469	0.688	0.586	0.517	−0.152	−0.229

Notes: *P<0.01. ^aThe bootstrap results are based on 1000 bootstrap samples.

Figure 2 The Bayesian networks of exercise anticipation (EE).

Figure 3 (A) Continued.

Figure 3 (B) Continued.

Figure 3 (A) Causal reasoning in Bayesian networks. (B) Causal reasoning in Bayesian networks. (C) Causal reasoning in Bayesian networks.