Development and Psychometric Validation of the Hypertension Beliefs Assessment Tool Among Adult Population in Northwest Ethiopia

Figures & data

Table 1 Sociodemographic Characteristics of Participants in Rural Districts of Northwest Ethiopia (n = 308)

Variables	Category	Number (Percent)
Age, in years	18–24	15(4.9)
	25–34	74(24.0)
	35–44	76(24.7)
	45–54	64(20.8)
	55–64	39(12.7)
	≥65	40(13.0)
Sex	Male	133(43.2)
	Female	175(56.8)
Religion	Orthodox	304(98.7)
	Muslim	4(1.3)
Marital status	Single	22(7.1)
	Married	254(82.5)
	Divorced	11(3.6)
	Widowed	21(6.8)
Educational status	Unable to read and write	207(67.2)
	Able to read and write	52(16.9)
	Primary school	29(9.4)
	High school	13(4.2)
	College/University	7(2.3)
Occupational status	Farmer	287(93.2)
	Merchant	2(0.7)
	Student	13(4.2)
	Others	6(1.9)
Personal history of HTN	Yes	9(2.9)
	No	299(97.1)

Table 2 Item Analysis of the Health Belief Assessment Tool

Sub Domain	Items	Mean	SD
Perceived Susceptibility	Item 1	2.54	1.11
	Item 2	2.48	1.12
	Item 3	2.58	1.12
	Item 4	2.36	1.04
Perceived health-related severity	Item 5	4.22	0.95
	Item 6	3.18	1.13
	Item 7	3.88	0.88
	Item 8	4.20	0.95
	Item 9	3.93	0.85
Perceived socio-economic-related severity	Item 10	3.45	0.90
	Item 11	3.39	0.89
	Item 12	3.25	0.81
	Item 13	3.57	0.90
Perceived benefit	Item 14	3.81	0.80
	Item 15	3.87	0.75
	Item 16	3.77	0.76
Perceived barrier	Item 17	3.39	0.94
	Item 18	3.57	0.96
	Item 19	3.54	0.95
	Item 20	3.63	0.90
Self-efficacy	Item 21	2.88	1.08
	Item 22	2.98	1.04
	Item 23	2.67	1.14

Table 3 Total Variance Explained of the Health Belief Assessment Tool

Total Variance Explained
Component	Initial Eigenvalues			Extraction Sums of Squared Loadings
	Total	% of Variance	Cumulative %	Total	% of Variance	Cumulative %
1	6.037	26.247	26.247	6.037	26.247	26.247
2	3.490	15.172	41.420	3.490	15.172	41.420
3	2.469	10.736	52.156	2.469	10.736	52.156
4	1.557	6.771	58.927	1.557	6.771	58.927
5	1.307	5.684	64.610	1.307	5.684	64.610
6	1.254	5.451	70.061	1.254	5.451	70.061
7	0.845	3.672	73.733
8	0.769	3.344	77.077
9	0.711	3.090	80.167
10	0.567	2.464	82.631
11	0.504	2.191	84.822
12	0.437	1.902	86.724
13	0.424	1.845	88.568
14	0.406	1.766	90.335
15	0.343	1.493	91.828
16	0.305	1.326	93.154
17	0.290	1.262	94.417
18	0.272	1.184	95.601
19	0.250	1.087	96.687
20	0.231	1.005	97.693
21	0.196	0.853	98.546
22	0.186	0.807	99.353
23	0.149	0.647	100.000
Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.

Table 4 Pattern Matrix Showing Factor Loadings for the Health Belief Assessment Tool

Items	Factor 1	Factor 2	Factor 3	Factor 4	Factor 5	Factor 6
Item 2	0.938
Item 1	0.895
Item 3	0.884
Item 4	0.881
Item 8		0.865
Item 7		0.797
Item 5		0.752
Item 9		0.599
Item 6		0.558
Item 23			0.920
Item 21			0.914
Item 22			0.885
Item 20				0.900
Item 19				0.874
Item 18				0.804
Item 17				0.481
Item 11					0.797
Item 10					0.777
Item 13					0.709
Item 12					0.693
Item 15						0.843
Item 16						0.840
Item 14						0.806

Table 5 Internal Consistency Reliability of the Health Belief Assessment Tool

Sub Domain	Items	Corrected Item-Total Correlation	Cronbach’s Alpha if Item Deleted	Cronbach’s Alpha
Perceived Susceptibility	Item 1	0.304	0.851	0.92
	Item 2	0.300	0.852
	Item 3	0.323	0.851
	Item 4	0.278	0.852
Perceived health-related severity	Item 5	0.429	0.846	0.78
	Item 6	0.373	0.849
	Item 7	0.445	0.846
	Item 8	0.361	0.849
	Item 9	0.492	0.844
Perceived socio-economic-related severity	Item 10	0.514	0.843	0.74
	Item 11	0.473	0.845
	Item 12	0.334	0.849
	Item 13	0.566	0.841
Perceived benefit	Item 14	0.440	0.846	0.86
	Item 15	0.508	0.844
	Item 16	0.424	0.847
Perceived barrier	Item 17	0.475	0.845	0.81
	Item 18	0.522	0.843
	Item 19	0.491	0.844
	Item 20	0.433	0.846
Self-efficacy	Item 21	0.394	0.848	0.89
	Item 22	0.410	0.847
	Item 23	0.402	0.847