Instrument for Assessing Patients’ Desirability, Acceptability, and Adherence to Telemedicine in Diabetes: Development, Validity, and Reliability

Figures & data

Table 1 Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Study Participants

Studied Parameter	Value
Gender
Men	30 (26.3%)
Women	84 (73.7%)
Residence
Urban	88 (77.2%)
Rural	26 (22.8%)
Occupation
Student	4 (3.5%)
Employee	70 (61.4%)
Freelancer	8 (7.0%)
Unemployed	3 (2.6%)
Retired	29 (25.4%)
Diagnosis
Type 1 Diabetes	71 (62.2%)
Type 2 Diabetes	43 (37.8%)
Education
Primary school	3 (2.6%)
High school	33 (28.9%)
University degree	40 (35.1%)
Master or PhD	38 (33.3%)
Internet access
Intermittent access to the internet	4 (3.5%)
Permanent access to the internet	110 (96.5%)
Most frequently used device for internet access
Smartphone	82 (71.9%)
Laptop or desktop computer	29 (25.4%)
Tablet	3 (2.6%)
Duration of diabetes
Less than one year	5 (4.4%)
1–5 years	39 (34.2%)
6–10 years	19 (16.7%)
More than 10 years	51 (44.7%)

Table 2 Internal Consistency of the Questionnaire

Component	Cronbach’s Alpha	95% Confidence Interval	p-value
Overall	0.890	0.859 to 0.917	<0.001
Desirability	0.915	0.890 to 0.936	<0.001
Adherence	0.691	0.597 to 0.770	<0.001
Acceptability	0.328	0.082 to 0.516	0.006

Table 3 Test vs Re-Test Results

Evaluated Component	Test		Re-Test		p-value
	Median Score	Interquartile Distance	Median Score	Interquartile Distance
Total score	166	18	164	15	0.394
Desirability	116	11	113	8	0.073
Adherence	35	9	35	5	0.241
Acceptability	17	6	17	5	0.595

Figure 1 Differences between initial assessment and re-test regarding the evaluated components.

Figure 2 Correlation matrix between the initial assessment and re-test.

Figure 3 Correlations between test and re-test scores.

Figure 4 Correlations between total score and PHQ-9.

Figure 5 Correlations between total score and GAD-7.

Table 4 Associations Between PHQ-9, GAD-7, and the Instrument Sub-Component Scores

Correlation Matrix
		Total Score	Desirability	Acceptability	Adherence
PHQ-9	Spearman’s rho	−0.580	−0.630	−0.095	−0.410
	p-value	<0.001	<0.001	0.317	<0.001
	N	114	114	114	114
GAD-7	Spearman’s rho	−0.516	−0.586	−0.055	−0.332
	p-value	<0.001	<0.001	0.564	<0.001
	N	114	114	114	114