Adherence to Home-Based Exercise Program and Its Predictors Among Patients Treated in Physiotherapy Outpatient Department in Amhara Region Hospitals in Ethiopia: A Prospective Cross-Sectional Study

Figures & data

Table 1 Socio-Demographic Characteristics of Patients in Outpatient Physiotherapy Department at Amhara Region Hospitals, Ethiopia, 2021 (n=300)

Variables	Categories	Frequency	Percent
Age (years)	18–35	149	49.7%
	36–55	107	35.7%
	56–80	44	14.7%
Gender	Male	170	56.7%
	Female	130	43.3%
Address	Urban	217	72.3%
	Rural	83	27.7%
Marital status	Single	85	28.3%
	Married	187	62.3%
	Divorced	16	5.3%
	Widowed	12	4.0%
Religion	Orthodox	226	75.3%
	Muslim	36	12.0%
	Protestant	38	12.7%
Educational level	Not able to read and write	51	17.0%
	Able to read and write	26	8.7%
	Primary school	38	12.7%
	Secondary school	76	25.3%
	College and above	109	36.3%
Occupation	Government employed	107	35.7%
	Self-employed	84	28.0%
	Housewife	34	11.3%
	Unemployed	17	5.7%
	Other	58	19.3%

Table 2 Patient Perceived Behavioral Characteristics of Patients in Outpatient Physiotherapy Department at Amhara Region Hospitals, Ethiopia, 2021 (n=300)

Variables	Categories	Frequency	Percent
Fatigue	Yes	163	54.3%
	No	137	45.7%
Have time	Yes	245	81.7%
	No	55	18.3%
Forgetfulness	No	220	73.3%
	Yes	80	26.7%
Family/friend encourage	Yes	232	77.3%
	No	68	22.7%
Patient perception on exercise is hard	Yes	189	63.0%
	No	111	37.0%
Patient perception on exercise is interesting	Yes	230	76.7%
	No	770	23.3%
Patient perception on exercise is painful	Yes	139	46.3%
	No	161	53.7%
Exercise is harmful	No	272	90.7%
	Yes	28	9.3%
Exercise is useful	Yes	279	93.0%
	No	21	7.0%
Match with daily plan	Yes	246	82.0%
	No	54	18.0%
Need help hand	Yes	197	65.7%
	No	103	34.3%
Help of the physiotherapist	Yes	218	72.7%
	No	82	27.3%

Table 3 Clinical Characteristics of Patients in Outpatient Physiotherapy Department at Amhara Region Hospitals, Ethiopia, 2021 (n=300)

Variables	Categories	Frequency	Percent
Physiotherapy diagnosis	Musculoskeletal condition	139	46.3%
	Neurological condition	83	27.7%
	Orthopedic with trauma condition	78	26.0%
Treatment duration of supervised physiotherapeutic treatment	1 week	83	27.7%
	2–3 weeks	136	45.3%
	>4 weeks	81	27.0%
Pain	Yes	232	77.3%
	No	68	22.7%
Pain severity (VAS)	Mild pain	54	23.3%
	Moderate pain	120	51.7%
	Severe pain	58	25.0%
Having comorbidity	Yes	76	25.3%
	No	224	74.7%
Types of comorbidities	Hypertension	23	37.7%
	DM	21	34.4%
	Hypertension and DM	15	19.7%
	Asthma	6	7.8%
	Kidney disease	3	4.9%
	Retroviral infection	4	6.6%
	Nerve injury	4	6.6%

Table 4 Bi-Variable and Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis on Factors Associated with Adherence to Home-Based Exercise Program Among Patients at Amhara Region Hospitals, Ethiopia, 2021 (n=300)

Variables	Adherence		COR (95% CI)	AOR (95% CI)	P-value
	Yes	No
Age
18–35	68	81	3.27 (1.47–7.27)	3.13 (1.031–9.50)	0.044*
36–55	29	78	1.45 (0.62–3.37)	2.11 (0.64–6.92)	0.22
56–80	9	35	1	–
Gender
Male	73	97	2.21 (1.34–3.64)	2.67 (1.32–5.40)	0.006*
Female	33	97	1	–
Address
Urban	89	128	2.70 (1.49–4.91)	1.30 (0.55–3.07)	0.547
Rural	17	66	1	–
Educational level
Not able to read and write	10	42	1	–
Able to read and write	8	19	1.72 (0.56–5.30)	1.66 (0.37–7.44)	0.512
Primary school	18	21	3.78 (1.44–9.90)	4.34 (1.10–17.07)	0.036*
Secondary school	27	50	2.43 (1.03–5.75)	1.56 (0.44–5.47)	0.491
College and above	43	61	3.54 (1.57–7.98)	3.12 (0.95–10.26)	0.062
Occupation
Government employed	31	76	0.78 (0.39–1.54)	0.39 (0.15–1.06)	0.064
Self-employed	33	51	1.23 (0.61–2.47)	0.52 (0.20–1.39)	0.193
Housewife	13	21	1.18 (0.49–2.83)	4.89 (1.18–20.23)	0.028*
Unemployed	9	8	2.14 (0.72–6.39)	1.04 (0.21–5.14)	0.960
Other	20	38	1	–
Fatigue
No	72	100	1	–
Yes	34	94	0.54 (0.33–0.87)	0.49 (0.21–1.17)	0.109
Have time
Yes	92	153	1.76 (0.91–3.41)	0.85 (0.30–2.42)	0.763
No	14	41	1	–
Forgetfulness
No	92	128	3.39 (1.79–6.40)	2.62 (1.12–6.16)	0.027*
Yes	14	66	1	–
Exercise is hard
No	85	104	3.50 (2.01–6.10)	1.35 (0.57–3.20)	0.492
Yes	21	90	1	–
Exercise is interest
Yes	93	136	3.34 (1.70–6.56)	3.08 (1.10–8.57)	0.032*
No	13	58	1	–
Exercise is painful
Yes	46	115	1	–
No	60	79	0.50 (0.31–0.80)	0.68 (0.33–1.40)	0.294
Exercise harmful
No	101	171	5.08 (1.50–17.24)	1.29 (0.25–6.61)	0.764
Yes	5	23	1	–
Exercise is useful
Yes	103	176	3.51 (1.01–12.21)	0.94 (0.18–4.80)	0.938
No	3	18	1	–
Matching with daily plan
Yes	95	151	2.46 (1.21–5.00)	1.28 (0.45–3.61)	0.641
No	11	43	1	–
Need help hand
Yes	64	133	1	–
No	42	61	1.43 (0.87–2.34)	0.96 (0.48–1.92)	0.908
PPR
Good PPR	62	135	0.62 (0.38–1.01)	0.66 (0.33–1.31)	0.233
Poor PPR	44	59	1	–

Notes: 1=reference category. *Statistically significant at p<0.05.

Abbreviations: AOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; COR, crude odds ratio.