Medication Adherence and Perceived Social Support of Hypertensive Patients in China: A Community-Based Survey Study

Figures & data

Table 1 Sociodemographic and Clinical Characteristics, and Optimal Adherence Rates of the Study Population (n=903)

Characteristics	Frequency (%)	Optimal Adherence Rate (%)	P value
Total	903(100)	506(56.04)
Gender			0.025
Male	426(47.18)	222(52.11)
Female	477(52.82)	284(59.54)
Age	64(57–69)^a	65(57–69)^b	0.044
Residence			0.002
Urban	448(49.61)	274(61.16)
Rural	455(50.39)	232(50.99)
Education level			0.864
Not graduated from primary school or below	211(23.37)	123(58.29)
Elementary school	297(32.89)	166(55.89)
Middle school	285(31.56)	158(55.44)
High school or above	110(12.18)	59(53.64)
Occupation			0.068
Paid employment	120(13.29)	72(60.00)
Farmer	530(58.69)	280(52.83)
No paid employment	253(28.02)	154(60.87)
Annual household income			0.073
0–	390(43.19)	202(51.79)
25,000–	279(30.90)	168(60.22)
50,000–	234(25.91)	136(58.12)
Marital status			0.410
Married	763(84.50)	432(56.62)
Divorced/separated/widowed/unmarried	140(15.50)	74(52.86)
Duration of hypertension (years)	6(4–9)^a	6(3–9)^b	0.037
Duration of antihypertensive medications used (years)	3(2–5)^a	3(1–5)^b	0.001
Number of antihypertensive medications			0.511
1	777(86.05)	432(55.60)
≥2	126(13.95)	74(58.73)

Notes: ^aValues are presented as median (upper to lower quartiles) of total participants. ^bValues are presented as median (upper to lower quartiles) of participants with optimal medication adherence.

Table 2 Perceived Social Support Characteristics and Optimal Adherence Rates of the Study Population (n=903)

Providers	Informational Support			Emotional Support			Finance-related Instrumental Support			Caregiving-Related Instrumental Support
	Frequency (%)	Optimal Adherence Rate (%)	P value	Frequency (%)	Optimal Adherence Rate (%)	P value	Frequency (%)	Optimal Adherence Rate (%)	P value	Frequency (%)	Optimal Adherence Rate (%)	P value
Overall	2(2–3)^a	2(2–4)^b	0.060	2(2–3)^a	2(2–4)^b	0.244	2(1–3)^a	2(1–3)^b	0.183	2(1–3)^a	2(2–3)^b	0.005
Spouse/partner			0.003			0.048			0.006			0.009
No	310(34.33)	157(50.65)		345(38.21)	166(48.12)		486(53.82)	234(48.15)		258(28.57)	131(50.78)
Yes	593(65.67)	240(40.47)		558(61.79)	231(41.40)		417(46.18)	163(39.09)		645(71.43)	266(41.24)
Children			0.052			0.164			0.237			0.147
No	259(28.68)	127(49.03)		223(24.70)	107(47.98)		376(41.64)	174(46.28)		220(24.36)	106(48.18)
Yes	644(71.32)	270(41.93)		680(75.30)	290(42.65)		527(58.36)	223(42.31)		683(75.64)	291(42.61)
Parents			0.841			0.512			0.549			0.558
No	856(94.80)	377(44.04)		850(94.13)	376(44.24)		860(95.24)	380(44.19)		866(95.90)	379(43.76)
Yes	47(5.20)	20(42.55)		53(5.87)	21(39.62)		43(4.76)	17(39.53)		37(4.10)	18(48.65)
Siblings			0.681			0.258			0.847			0.286
No	743(82.28)	329(44.28)		731(80.95)	328(44.87)		744(82.39)	326(43.82)		791(87.60)	353(44.63)
Yes	160(17.72)	68(42.50)		172(19.05)	69(40.12)		159(17.61)	71(44.65)		112(12.40)	44(39.29)
Other relatives			0.941			0.795			0.631			0.482
No	638(70.65)	281(44.04)		610(67.55)	270(44.26)		673(74.53)	299(44.43)		596(66.00)	267(44.80)
Yes	265(29.35)	116(43.77)		293(32.45)	127(43.34)		230(25.47)	98(42.61)		307(34.00)	130(42.35)
Friends			0.970			0.065			0.010			0.291
No	667(73.86)	293(43.93)		779(86.27)	333(42.75)		843(93.36)	361(42.82)		850(94.13)	370(43.53)
Yes	236(26.14)	104(44.07)		124(13.73)	64(51.61)		60(6.64)	36(60.00)		53(5.87)	27(50.94)

Notes:^aValues are presented as median (upper to lower quartiles) of total participants. ^bValues are presented as median (upper to lower quartiles) of participants with optimal medication adherence.

Table 3 Associations of Perceived Social Support with Optimal Medication Adherence Among the Study Population (n=903)

Providers	Informational Support	Emotional Support	Finance-Related Instrumental Support	Caregiving-Related Instrumental Support
	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	Adjusted OR (95% CI)
Overall	1.052(0.959–1.155)	1.067(0.975–1.168)	1.059(0.964–1.164)	1.128*(1.013–1.257)
Spouse/partner
No	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000
Yes	1.574*(1.112–2.227)	1.430*(1.032–1.981)	1.439*(1.069–1.937)	1.652*(1.130–2.414)
Children
No	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000
Yes	1.234(0.910–1.672)	1.325(0.959–1.832)	1.184(0.891–1.573)	1.220(0.875–1.701)
Parents
No	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000
Yes	1.283(0.657–2.507)	1.576(0.835–2.974)	1.505(0.737–3.072)	1.037(0.495–2.173)
Siblings
No	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000
Yes	1.034(0.715–1.494)	1.258(0.876–1.808)	0.976(0.673–1.414)	1.301(0.847–1.998)
Other relatives
No	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000
Yes	0.903(0.663–1.230)	0.971(0.719–1.311)	1.108(0.806–1.523)	1.042(0.774–1.402)
Friends
No	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000
Yes	0.987(0.724–1.347)	0.736(0.498–1.090)	0.499*(0.286–0.872)	0.755(0.424–1.341)

Notes: Optimal adherence (n=506), the reference category was suboptimal adherence (n=397). The model was adjusted for gender, age, residence, education level, current occupation status, annual household income, marital status, duration of hypertension, duration of antihypertensive medication used, and number of antihypertensive medication used. Variables with P<0.05 are in bold; *P<0.05.

Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.