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ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Recall Bias in the Assessment of Cough for Patients Discharged from Lung Surgery

, , ORCID Icon, , , , , , , ORCID Icon, & show all
Pages 1561-1572 | Received 09 May 2023, Accepted 24 Jun 2023, Published online: 03 Jul 2023

Figures & data

Figure 1 Schematic of study design.

Figure 1 Schematic of study design.

Table 1 Baseline Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Participants

Figure 2 Postoperative cough trajectory in patients after lung cancer surgery.

Figure 2 Postoperative cough trajectory in patients after lung cancer surgery.

Table 2 Differences and Effect Size Between the Prospective and Retrospective Scores of Coughing

Figure 3 Prospective and retrospective scores of cough severity over the first month after lung surgery.

Figure 3 Prospective and retrospective scores of cough severity over the first month after lung surgery.

Table 3 Direction of Bias in Measuring Cough Severity After Lung Surgery

Table 4 Direction of Bias in Measuring Cough Severity After Lung Surgery (Defined by MCID)

Figure 4 The trend of recall bias over time interval (a) The trend of recall bias over time interval in the first week after discharge; (b) The second week after discharge; (c) The third week after discharge; (d) The fourth week after discharge; If the 95% CI of recall bias contains 0, it means that the difference is not statistically significant, and on the contrary, it is statistically significant. Time interval was defined as the number of days between the time point of the last measured maximum daily cough score and the time point of retrospective assessment of cough, and its value ranged from 0 to 6.

Figure 4 The trend of recall bias over time interval (a) The trend of recall bias over time interval in the first week after discharge; (b) The second week after discharge; (c) The third week after discharge; (d) The fourth week after discharge; If the 95% CI of recall bias contains 0, it means that the difference is not statistically significant, and on the contrary, it is statistically significant. Time interval was defined as the number of days between the time point of the last measured maximum daily cough score and the time point of retrospective assessment of cough, and its value ranged from 0 to 6.