Factors Influencing Participation in Shared Decision-Making Among Patients with Glaucoma in China: A Cross-Sectional Study

Figures & data

Table 1 General Data and Univariate Analysis of the Level of Participation in Shared Decision-Making of Patients with Glaucoma (n=140)

Variable	n (%)	SDM-Q-9 Score (±SD)	t/F	P
Gender			1.953^a	0.053
Male	62 (44.29)	75.63±18.93
Female	78 (55.71)	68.63±22.59
Age			4.212^b	0.017
≤40 years	21 (15.00)	82.33±16.68
>40 and ≤ 60 years	44 (31.43)	73.38±20.90
>60 years	75 (53.57)	67.79±21.71
Marital status			0.005^b	0.995
Single	11 (7.86)	72.32±19.18
Married	115 (82.14)	71.67±21.53
Divorced/Widowed	14 (10.00)	71.75±22.11
Education			3.667^b	0.014
Primary school or below	71 (50.71)	66.79±22.11
Junior high school	33 (23.57)	72.93±16.98
High school/Technical secondary school	15 (10.71)	77.33±22.40
Junior college/Bachelor’s degree or above	21 (15.00)	82.54±19.60
Place of residence			2.138^a	0.034
Urban area	62 (44.29)	75.99±20.93
Rural area	78 (55.71)	68.35±21.06
Payment method of medical expenses			8.852^b	<0.001
Medicare	62 (44.29)	79.61±18.41
Rural insurance	66 (47.14)	64.65±21.73
Other	12 (8.57)	70.00±19.77
Economic burden of medical expenses			0.855^b	0.466
No burden at all	26 (18.57)	76.41±23.86
Basically no burden	60 (42.86)	72.56±19.90
A certain burden	43 (30.71)	68.79±22.21
Heavy burden	11 (7.86)	67.68±18.42
Diagnosis			2.889^b	0.038
Open-angle glaucoma	45 (32.14)	78.07±21.49
Angle-closure glaucoma	64 (45.71)	66.60±21.11
Secondary glaucoma	28 (20.00)	73.97±17.63
Mixed glaucoma	3 (2.14)	65.19±34.02
Visual acuity			1.929^b	0.109
<0.05	6 (4.29)	65.56±21.67
≥ 0.05 and <0.3	26 (18.57)	68.97±20.13
≥ 0.3 and <0.5	20 (14.29)	67.78±21.68
≥ 0.5 and ≤ 1.0	77 (55.00)	71.95±21.54
Not measured	11 (7.86)	87.27±16.75
Intraocular pressure			1.353^b	0.262
≤ 21mmHg	75 (53.57)	74.34±22.01
>21 and ≤ 35mmHg	42 (30.00)	67.72±22.33
>35mmHg	23 (16.43)	70.53±15.62
Course of disease			2.746^b	0.045
≤ 3 months	50 (35.71)	65.24±20.65
>3 months and ≤ 1 year	24 (17.14)	76.76±18.10
>1 year and ≤ 5 years	33 (23.57)	72.86±24.30
>5 years	33 (23.57)	76.77±19.32
Received treatment in the past			1.616^a	0.108
Yes	132 (94.29)	72.44±20.75
No	8 (5.71)	60.00±27.55
Willingness to participate in decision-making			3.665^a	<0.001
Willing	103 (73.57)	75.51±20.83
Unwilling	37 (26.43)	61.20±19.02
Attitude to participate in decision-making			10.842^b	<0.001
Positive	85 (60.71)	75.87±21.84
Negative	14 (10.00)	49.21±15.37
Neutral	41 (29.29)	70.84±16.70
Satisfaction with medical services received			9.689^b	<0.001
Very satisfied	72 (51.43)	78.24±19.82
Relatively satisfied	60 (42.86)	66.56±19.86
Generally satisfied	8 (5.71)	51.94±23.58
Not very satisfied	0 (0)	0
Very dissatisfied	0 (0)	0

Notes: Boldface indicates statistical significance (P<0.05); ^aIndependent 2-samples t-test; ^bOne-way ANOVA.

Table 2 Score of Each Item in Nine-Item Shared Decision-Making Questionnaire

SDM-Q-9 Items	Score(±SD)
1. My doctor made clear that a decision needs to be made.	4.16±0.96
2. My doctor wanted to know exactly how I want to be involved in making the decision.	2.52±1.47
3. My doctor told me that there are different options for treating my medical condition.	3.53±1.77
4. My doctor precisely explained the advantages and disadvantages of the treatment options.	3.59±1.49
5. My doctor helped me understand all the information.	4.12±0.84
6. My doctor asked me which treatment option I prefer.	3.07±1.74
7. My doctor and I thoroughly weighed the different treatment options.	3.58±1.39
8. My doctor and I selected a treatment option together.	3.53±1.44
9. My doctor and I reached an agreement on how to proceed.	4.18±0.74

Table 3 Multiple Linear Regression Analysis of Factors That Influence the Level of Participation in Shared Decision-Making of Patients with Glaucoma (n=140)

Variable	B	SE	β	t	P
(constant)	93.187	11.528		8.083	0.000
Place of residence	−0.711	3.963	−0.017	−0.179	0.858
Willingness to participate in decision-making	−3.558	5.307	−0.074	−0.671	0.504
Age
≤ 40 years	Ref
>40 and ≤60 years	−3.743	5.827	−0.082	−0.642	0.522
>60 years	−6.095	6.210	−0.143	−0.981	0.328
Education
Primary school or below	Ref
Middle school	−0.390	4.380	−0.008	−0.089	0.929
High school/Technical secondary school	−4.186	6.065	−0.061	−0.690	0.491
Junior college/Bachelor’s degree or higher	−4.971	6.470	−0.084	−0.768	0.444
Payment method of medical expenses
Medicare	Ref
Rural insurance	−10.574	4.386	−0.249	−2.411	0.017
Other	−5.725	6.951	−0.076	−0.824	0.412
Attitude to participate in decision-making
Positive	Ref
Negative	−16.781	7.305	−0.238	−2.297	0.023
Neutral	2.678	4.658	0.058	0.575	0.566
Satisfaction with medical services received
Very satisfied	Ref
Relatively satisfied	−9.907	3.613	−0.231	−2.742	0.007
Generally satisfied	−17.977	7.621	−0.197	−2.359	0.020
Diagnosis
Open-angle glaucoma	Ref
Angle-closure glaucoma	−2.913	4.816	−0.068	−0.605	0.546
Secondary glaucoma	−1.180	5.419	−0.022	−0.218	0.828
Mixed glaucoma	−6.426	11.927	−0.044	−0.539	0.591
Course of disease
≤3 months	Ref
>3 months and ≤1 year	5.257	5.119	0.093	1.027	0.307
>1 year and ≤5 years	2.098	4.709	0.042	0.445	0.657
>5 years	7.760	4.597	0.155	1.688	0.094

Notes: Boldface indicates statistical significance (P<0.05); R²=0.331, Adjusted R²=0.225, (F=3.122, P<0.001).