Quality of Life and Associated Factors of HIV Patients Under Treatment with First Line Regimens in Public Hospitals in Amhara Region, North-West Ethiopia

Figures & data

Table 1 Baseline Characteristics and Categories of Socio-Demographic Variables (n=700)

Name of Variable	Categories	Frequency	Percentage (%)
Sex	Male	375	53.6
	Female	325	46.4
Patient category	Children (<15 years)	254	36.3
	Adult (≥ 15 years)	446	63.7
Marital status at initiation of second line regimen	Living with partner	318	45.4
	Living without partner	382	54.6
Level of education	Not educated	220	31.4
	Educated	480	68.6
Viral suppression at initiation of first-line regimens	Suppressed/undetectable	258	36.9
	Unsuppressed /detectable	442	63.1
Clinical WHO stages at the time of initiation of second line regimen	Stage I	106	15.1
	Stage II	118	16.9
	Stage III	231	33
	Stage IV	245	35
Residence area	In rural area	159	22.7
	In urban area	541	77.3
Partner’s HIV status at initiation of second line region	Negative	81	11.6
	Not Applicable	139	19.9
	Positive	230	32.9
	Unknown	250	35.7
Functional status at the time of transfer to second line regimen	Ambulatory	107	15.3
	Bed ridden	23	3.3
	Working	570	81.4
HIV/TB co-infection at the time of transfer to second line regimen	Negative	658	94
	Positive	42	6
Alcohol intake	No	683	97.6
	Yes	17	2.4
HIV disclosure Status	Disclosed	476	68
	Not disclosed	224	32
Smoking Status	No	621	88.7
	Yes	79	11.3
Opportunistic infections	No	612	87.4
	Yes	88	12.6

Table 2 Baseline Characteristics and Categories of Clinical Variables (n=700)

Name of Variable	Categories	Frequency	Percentage (%)
Viral load	Undetectable	189	32.7
	Detectable	389	67.3
Clinical WHO stages	Stage I	118	20.4
	Stage II	120	20.8
	Stage III	186	32.2
	Stage IV	154	26.6
Partner’s HIV status	Negative	54	9.3
	Not Applicable	120	20.8
	Positive	189	32.7
	Unknown	215	37.2
Functional status	Ambulatory	96	16.6
	Bed ridden	35	6.1
	Working	447	77.3
HIV/TB co-infection at enrollment	Negative	349	60.4
	Positive	229	39.6
Adherence status	Adherent	227	39.3
	Non-adherent	351	60.7
HIV disclosure Status	Disclosed	445	77
	Not disclosed	133	23
Opportunistic infection status	No	254	43.9
	Yes	324	56.1
Drug toxicity	No	257	44.7
	Yes	321	55.5
Treatment status	Failed status	472	67.3%
	Good staus	228	32.7%

Table 3 Univariate Data Analysis on Health Status Indicators for People Living with HIV (n=700)

Variable	Mean (SD) /%
EQ-5D index score (Mean ± SD)	0.432 ± 0.25
VAS score (Mean ± SD)	64.42 ± 2.25
Viral load (Mean ± SD)	658 ± 0.54
CD4 cell count (Mean ± SD)	168 ± 1.68
BMI (Mean ± SD)	18.25 ± 1.82
Variable	n (%)
HIV functional status
Working	355(50.7)
Ambulatory	145(20.7)
Bedridden	200(28.6)
Depression/anxiety
Yes	278(39.7)
No	422(60.3)
Self-care
Yes	455(65)
No	245(35)

Table 4 Health Status Classification for People Living with HIV (n=700)

Serial Number	EQ-5D Status	n (%)	Index of EQ-5D
1	11111	62(8.9)	0.897
2	11112	65(9.3)	0.456
3	11113	55(7.9)	0.765
4	11121	44(6.3)	0.145
5	11122	43(6.1)	0.156
6	11123	37(5.3)	0.567
7	11212	52(7.4)	0.976
8	11212	58(8.3)	0.812
9	11213	16(2.3)	0.189
10	11222	27(3.9)	0.843
11	11223	38(5.4)	0.695
12	12113	49(7.0)	0.768
13	12213	5(0.7)	0.376
14	21223	16(2.3)	0.919
15	22113	27(3.9)	0.593
16	21223	15(2.1)	0.583
17	22113	22(3.1)	0.845
18	22223	8(1.1)	0.764
19	22233	13(1.9)	0.564
20	23223	17(2.4)	−0.491
21	23323	5(0.7)	−0.321
22	23323	6(0.9)	−0.686
23	32223	12(1.7)	−0.849
24	33333	8(1.1)	−0.594
	Total	700 (100.0)

Table 5 Results of EQ-5D Difference Scores by Sample Characteristics (n=700)

Characteristics	EQ-5D-3L Mean ± SD	95% CI	p-value	EQ-VAS Means ± SD	95% CI	p-value
Gender
Male	0.43 ± 0.51	(0.35, 0.48)	< 0.01	62.9±15.82	(58.32, 65.61)	< 0.01
Female	0.32 ± 0.62	(0.25, 0.37)		57.71 ± 15.16	(52.15, 61.21)
Age
Children (<15 years)	0.34 ± 0.22	(0.25, 0.37)	< 0.01	57.71 ± 15.16	(52.15, 61.21)	< 0.01
Adults (≥15 years	0.72 ± 0.002	(0.78, 0.78)		80.21 ± 4.86	(78.34, 86.29)
Marital status
Living with partner	0.62 ± 0.32	(0.25, 0.37)	0.002	57.71 ± 15.16	(52.15, 61.21)	0.014
Living without partner	0.82 ± 0.022	(0.78, 0.78)		80.21 ± 4.86	(78.34, 86.29)
Educational Level
Illiterate	0.32 ± 0.721	(0.25,0.37)	< 0.01	57.71 ± 15.16	(52.15, 61.21)	< 0.01
Literate	0.72 ± 0.002	(0.78,0.78)		80.21 ± 4.86	(78.44, 87.29)
Employment Status
Employed	0.42 ± 0.322	(0.25,0.37)	< 0.01	57.71 ± 15.16	(53.15, 61.21)	< 0.01
Unemployed	0.72 ± 0.021	(0.78,0.78)		80.21 ± 4.86	(78.34, 86.29)
HIV functional status
Working	0.32 ± 0.321	(0.25,0.37)	< 0.01	57.71 ± 15.16	(52.15, 61.21)	< 0.01
Ambulatory	0.82 ± 0.022	(0.58,0.80)		82.21 ± 3.86	(78.34, 86.29)
Bedridden	0.72 ± 0.121	(0.78,0.78)		81.21 ± 4.46	(76.34, 88.19)
Appointment frequency	0.32 ± 0.321	(0.25,0.37)	< 0.01	56.71 ± 15.16	(54.15, 62.21)
Adherence status
Adherent	0.32 ± 0.32	(0.25,0.37)	< 0.01	57.71 ± 15.16	(53.25, 62.21)	< 0.01
Non-adherent	0.72 ± 0.002	(0.78,0.78)		80.21 ± 4.86	(78.34, 86.29)
Opportunistic Infections
Yes	0.32 ± 0.32	(0.25,0.37)	< 0.01	57.71 ± 15.16	(52.15, 61.21)	< 0.01
No	0.72 ± 0.002	(0.78,0.78)		78.21 ± 4.86	(75.34, 82.29)
HIV disclosure status
Yes	0.32 ± 0.32	(0.25,0.37)	<0.01	57.71 ± 15.16	(52.15, 61.21)	< 0.01
No	0.72 ± 0.002	(0.78,0.78)		79.22 ± 4.86	(75.14, 85.29)
Substance use
Yes	0.42 ± 0.32	(0.25,0.57)	<0.01	57.71 ± 15.16	(52.15, 61.21)	< 0.01
No	0.72 ± 0.002	(0.68,0.78)		80.21 ± 4.86	(78.34, 86.29)

Table 6 Univariate and Multivariable Linear Regression Data Analysis in Identifying Predictors for Quality of Life (n=700)

Patient Characteristics	EQ-5D Value (Univariate Linear Regression)		P-value	EQ-5D Index Value (Multivariate Linear Regression)		p-value
	Unstandardized β	95% CI		Unstandardized β	95% CI
Gender			< 0.01			< 0.01
Male	0.43 ± 0.51	(0.35, 0.48)		62.9 ± 15.82	(58.32, 65.61)
Female	0.32 ± 0.62	(0.25, 0.37)		57.71 ± 15.16	(52.15, 61.21)
Age			< 0.01			< 0.01
Children (<15 years)	0.34 ± 0.22	(0.25, 0.37)		87.71 ± 15.16	(52.15, 61.21)
Adults (≥15 years	0.72 ± 0.002	(0.78, 0.78)		80.21 ± 4.86	(78.34, 86.29)
Marital status			0.002			0.014
Living with partner	0.62 ± 0.32	(0.25, 0.37)		92.71 ± 15.16	(52.15, 61.21)
Living without partner	0.82 ± 0.022	(0.78, 0.78)		80.21 ± 4.86	(78.34, 86.29)
Educational level			< 0.01			< 0.01
Illiterate	0.32 ± 0.721	(0.25,0.37)		57.71 ± 15.16	(52.15, 61.21)
Literate	0.72 ± 0.002	(0.78,0.78)		80.21± 19.86	(78.44, 87.29)
Employment status			< 0.01			< 0.01
Employed	0.42 ± 0.322	(0.25,0.37)		87.71 ± 15.16	(53.15, 61.21)
Unemployed	0.72 ± 0.021	(0.78,0.78)		80.21 ± 4.86	(78.34, 86.29)
HIV functional status			< 0.01			< 0.01
Working	0.32 ± 0.321	(0.25,0.37)		57.71 ± 15.16	(52.15, 61.21)
Ambulatory	0.82 ± 0.022	(0.58,0.80)		42.21 ± 3.86	(38.34, 56.29)
Bedridden	0.72 ± 0.121	(0.78,0.78)		38.21 ± 4.46	(32.34, 52.19)
Appointment frequency	0.32 ± 0.321	(0.25,0.37)	< 0.01	56.71 ± 15.16	(54.15, 62.21)
Adherence status			< 0.01			< 0.01
Adherent	0.32 ± 0.32	(0.25,0.37)		57.71 ± 8.96	(53.25, 62.21)
Non-adherent	0.72 ± 0.002	(0.78,0.78)		30.21± 3.86	(28.34, 46.29)
Opportunistic. infections			< 0.01			< 0.01
Yes	0.32 ± 0.32	(0.25,0.37)		57.71 ± 5.16	(52.15, 61.21)
No	0.72 ± 0.002	(0.78,0.78)		78.21 ± 7.86	(75.34, 82.29)
Existence of depression			0.014			0.015
Yes	0.28 ± 0.702	(0.15, 0.35)		54.27 ±0.702	(48.21, 59.16)
No	0.78 ± 0.502	(0.53,0.87)		75.34 ± 0.642	(67.28, 80.43)
HIV disclosure status			<0.01			< 0.01
Yes	0.32 ± 0.32	(0.25,0.37)		82.71 ± 5.16	(72.15, 91.21)
No	0.72 ± 0.002	(0.78,0.78)		79.22 ± 4.86	(70.14, 85.29)
Substance use			<0.01			< 0.01
Yes	0.42 ± 0.32	(0.25,0.57)		57.71 ± 5.16	(52.15, 61.21)
No	0.72 ± 0.002	(0.68, 0.78)		80.21±6.86	(78.34, 86.29)