Do concomitant pain symptoms in patients with major depression affect quality of life even when taking into account baseline depression severity?

Figures & data

Table 1 Bivariate correlations between depression severity (HAMD-17, CGI-S) at baseline and quality of life (EQ-5D, EQ-VAS) at baseline and at the study endpoint

	HAMD-17		CGI-S
	Correlation coefficient	P-value	Correlation coefficient	P-value
EQ-5D
Baseline	−0.401	<0.001	−0.408	<0.001
Endpoint	−0.131	0.0005	−0.139	0.0002
EQ-VAS
Baseline	−0.283	<0.001	−0.289	<0.001
Endpoint	−0.076	0.0433	−0.052	0.166

Note: Data presented are Pearson correlation coefficients.

Abbreviations: HAMD-17, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression-17; CGI-S, Clinical Global Impression – Severity Scale; EQ-5D, EuroQoL-5 Dimensions; EQ-VAS, EuroQoL-Visual Analogue Scale.

Figure 1 Influence of baseline PPS on endpoint EQ-VAS is consistent at different severity levels of the HAMD-17 score at baseline.

Abbreviations: PPS, painful physical symptoms; EQ-VAS, EuroQoL-Visual Analogue Scale; HAMD-17, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression-17.

Figure 2 Influence of baseline PPS on endpoint EQ-5D score is consistent at different severity levels of the HAMD-17 score at baseline.

Abbreviations: PPS, painful physical symptoms; EQ-5D, EuroQoL-5 Dimension; HAMD-17, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression-17.

Table 2 Baseline variables associated with quality of life scores (EQ-5D and EQ-VAS) at 3 months (linear regression analysis)

Variable	EQ-5D		EQ-VAS
	Estimate (95% CI)	P-value	Estimate (95% CI)	P-value
Age	−0.001 (−0.003; 0.001)	0.276	−0.208 (−0.347; −0.069)	0.003^*
EQ-5D at baseline	0.197 (0.137; 0.258)	<0.001^*
EQ-VAS at baseline			0.145 (0.071; 0.218)	<0.001^*
Baseline HAMD-17 total score	0.001 (−0.003; 0.004)	0.700	0.012 (−0.278; 0.303)	0.933
Female versus male	0.026 (−0.013; 0.065)	0.198	1.161 (−2.011; 4.333)	0.4723
CGI-S	−0.002 (−0.030; 0.026)	0.873	0.811 (−1.402; 3.023)	0.472
Divorced/widowed/separated versus single	−0.042 (−0.118; 0.035)	0.283	−0.397 (−6.616; 5.823)	0.900
Married/de facto spouse versus single	0.011 (−0.052; 0.074)	0.731	5.640 (0.513; 10.766)	0.031^*
PPS+ versus PPS−	−0.121 (−0.158; −0.084)	<0.001^*	−9.474 (−12.403; −6.545)	<0.001^*
Full-time versus unemployed	0.050 (0.006; 0.094)	0.026^*	5.773 (2.209; 9.338)	0.002^*
Part-time versus unemployed	0.062 (−0.010; 0.135)	0.093	3.264 (−2.698; 9.226)	0.283
Retired versus unemployed	0.121 (0.066; 0.176)	<0.001^*	11.915 (7.475; 16.354)	<0.001^*
Student versus unemployed	−0.000 (−0.098; 0.097)	0.997	4.759 (−3.165; 12.683)	0.239

Notes: Parameter estimates (95% confidence intervals) are presented.

* Statistically significant.

Abbreviations: EQ-5D, EuroQoL-5 Dimensions; EQ-VAS, EuroQoL-Visual Analogue Scale; CI, confidence interval; HAMD-17, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression-17; CGI-S, Clinical Global Impression – Severity Scale; PPS, painful physical symptoms.