Nonadherence to Immunosuppressants Among Transplant Recipients: Emotional Intelligence as a Predictive Factor During COVID-19 Pandemic

Figures & data

Table 1 Participants Demographic Characteristics

Demographics	Level	Frequency	Total	Proportion	χ²/Ha*
Sex	Male	33	70	0.471	0.720
	Female	37	70	0.529
Age	23–33	4	70	0.057	<.001
	34–44	18	70	0.257
	45–55	30	70	0.429
	56–66	14	70	0.200
	>67	4	70	0.057
Italys’ areas	North	31	70	0.443	0.403
	South	39	70	0.557
Education	Primary school	2	70	0.029	<0.001
	Secondary school	18	70	0.257
	High school	39	70	0.557
	College, University or post-doctoral degree	11	70	0.157
Professions	Unemployed	23	70	0.329	0.002
	Employed	26	70	0.371
	Retired	5	70	0.071
	Housewife	16	70	0.229
Marital status	Unmarried (never married)	28	70	0.400	0.120
	Married	28	70	0.400
	Widow	9	70	0.129
	Divorced	5	70	0.071
Transplant history	Pre-emptive kidney transplant (no previous dialysis or at first transplant)	1	70	0.014	<0.001
	Two or more transplants	3	70	0.043
	Living kidney transplant	16	70	0.229
	Kidney transplant	50	70	0.714
Good adherence * Transplant history	Living kidney transplant	4	70	0.129	<0.001
	Deceased kidney transplant	27	70	0.871
Dialysis	No dialysis	9	70	0.129	<0.001
	0–5 years	45	70	0.643
	5–10 years	14	70	0.200
	>10	2	70	0.029
Transplant	No transplant	2	70	0.029	<0.001
	0–5 years	29	70	0.414
	5–10 years	23	70	0.329
	>10	16	70	0.229
Good adherence * Transplant	No transplant	1	39	0.323	0.031
	0–5 years	17	39	0.387
	5–10 years	13	39	0.322
	10	8	39	0.358

Notes: *χ²=chi square (multiple level of variables); H_a = Binomial test (two level).

Table 2 Mean, Standard Deviation, Median, and Variables’ Normality

Descriptive Statistics	Bodily	Interpersonal	Cognitive	Behavioral	MaC-Rf TOT	Factor 1	Factor 2	Factor 3	EIS TOT	Adherence
N	70	70	70	70	70	70	70	70	70	70
Mean	4.13	4.31	2.73	2.74	13.9	38.4	14.4	32.5	118	0.443
Median	4.00	4.00	2.50	3.00	15.0	40.5	15.0	34.0	123	0.00
Standard Deviation	2.13	2.18	2.10	2.22	6.93	7.57	3.66	7.32	23.2	0.50
Skewness	− 0.08	−0.27	0.26	0.51	0.11	−0.87	−1.13	−1.18	−1.21	0.23
Std. Error skewness	0.28	0.28	0.29	0.29	0.29	0.29	0.29	0.29	0.29	0.29
Kurtosis	−0.59	−0.89	−0.67	−0.42	−0.331	0.20	0.916	1.55	1.60	−2.00
Std. Error Kurtosis	0.57	0.57	0.57	0.57	0.57	0.57	0.57	0.57	0.57	0.57
Shapiro–Wilk p	0.02	0.00	<0.001	<0.001	0.05	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001

Abbreviations: MAC-RF TOT, Multidimensional Assessment of COVID-19 Related Fears Scale total score; EIS TOT, Emotional Intelligence Scale total score.

Table 3 Chi Square Goodness of Fit Test of BAASIS

	Level	Frequency	Proportion	Chi Square Goodness of fit Test
Adherence TOT	NO	39	0.55
	SI	31	0.44
				χ²=0.91, gdl=1, p<0.339, ns
Taking	0	51	0.73
	2	13	0.19
	3	1	0.01
	4	4	0.06
	6	1	0.01
				χ²=129, gdl=4, p<0.001
Timing	0	55	0.79
	2	9	0.13
	3	6	0.09
				χ²=64.7, gdl=2, p<0.001
Reduction	0	68	0.97
	1	2	0.03
				χ²=62.2, gdl=1, p<0.001

Notes: χ²=chi square (multiple level of variables).

Abbreviation: Adherence TOT, total score of adherence.

Table 4 Spearman’s Rho Correlations Among EIS and Adherence*

EIS	Spearman’s rho Correlations and p-value	Adherence
Factor 1	Spearman’s rho correlations	−0.317**
	p-value	0.008
Factor 2	Spearman’s rho correlations	−0.385**
	p-value	0.001
Factor 3	Spearman’s rho correlations	−0.325**
	p-value	0.006
EIS TOT	Spearman’s rho correlations	−0.324**
	p-value	0.006

Note: *The correlation is significant at level 0.05; **The correlation is significant at level 0.01.

Abbreviations: EIS, emotional intelligence scale; EIS TOT, emotional intelligence scale total score.

Table 5 Pearson’s r Correlations Among MAC-RF Domains, MAC-RF Total Score, EIS Factors, and EIS Total Score*

MAC-RF	Pearson’s r	Factor 1	Factor 2	Factor 3	EIS TOT
Bodily Domain	Pearson’s r	0.153	0.076	0.197	0.148
	p-value	0.205	0.531	0.103	0.223
Interpersonal Domain	Pearson’s r	0.236*	0.148	0.274*	0.249*
	p-value	0.049	0.222	0.022	0.038
Cognitive Domain	Pearson’s r	−0.067	−0.016	0.047	−0.033
	p-value	0.581	0.899	0.702	0.784
Behavioral Domain	Pearson’s r	0.160	0.320**	0.311**	0.271*
	p-value	0.185	0.007	0.009	0.023
MAC-RF TOT	Pearson’s r	0.161	0.167	0.264*	0.205
	p-value	0.184	0.167	0.027	0.089

Note:*The correlation is significant at level 0.05; **The correlation is significant at level 0.01.

Abbreviations: MAC-RF, Multidimensional Assessment of COVID-19 Related Fears Scale; EIS TOT, Emotional intelligence scale total score.

Table 6 Linear Regression Analysis Stepwise Method with Adherence as the Dependent Variable

Independent Variables	R²	Beta	F	t	p
EIS TOT	0.121	−0.35	9.37	−3.06	0.003
MAC TOT	7.03 e−4	0.47	0.04	0.40	0.70

Abbreviations: EIS TOT, emotional intelligence scale total score, MAC-RF TOT, Multidimensional Assessment of COVID-19 Related Fears Scale.