The Mediating Effect of Resilience on the Relationship Between Symptom Burden and Anxiety/Depression Among Chinese Patients with Primary Liver Cancer After Liver Resection

Figures & data

Table 1 Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Participants (N = 223)

Variable	n	%	Mean ± SD/Median (IQR)
Age (years)			57.70 ± 12.60
Age (years)
≤ 44	35	15.70
45–60	97	43.50
≥ 60	91	40.81
Sex
Male	172	77.13
Female	51	22.87
Residence
City	56	25.11
Countryside	167	74.89
Marital status
Unmarried	6	2.69
Married	217	97.31
Education level
Primary school and below	87	39.01
Junior high	83	37.22
Senior high or above	53	23.77
Economic stress
Severe	25	11.21
Moderate	129	57.85
Mild	69	30.94
Time since diagnosis (months)			0.80 (0.70)
Time since diagnosis (months)
< 1	115	51.57
1–3	71	31.84
≥ 3	37	19.59
History of hepatitis
Yes	143	64.13
No	80	35.87
History of cirrhosis
Yes	56	25.11
No	167	74.89

Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; IQR, interquartile range.

Table 2 Differences in Anxiety/Depression by Demographic and Clinical Features (N = 223)

	Anxiety and Depression
	Mean ± SD/Median (IQR)	Z/H
Age (years)		0.44^a
≤ 44	10.00 (9.00)
45–60	12.24 ± 6.14
≥ 60	12.00 (9.00)
Sex		−1.50^b
Male	11.50 (8.00)
Female	13.00 (11.00)
Residence		−1.91^b
City	10.00 (5.00)
Countryside	12.00 (9.00)
Marital status		−2.49*^,b
Unmarried	19.00 (4.00)
Married	11.00 (8.00)
Education level		4.41^a
Primary school and below	12.00 (6.00)
Junior high	12.00 (10.00)
Senior high or above	10.00 (5.50)
Economic stress		12.65**^,a
Severe	13.00 ± 6.19
Moderate	13.00 (7.50)
Mild	10.16 ± 4.22
Time since diagnosis (months)		4.77^a
< 1	11.00 (7.00)
1–3	12.00 (9.00)
≥ 3	12.76 ± 5.50
History of hepatitis		−1.45^b
Yes	12.00 (8.00)
No	11.33 ± 5.53
History of cirrhosis		−0.22^b
Yes	12.00 (10.00)
No	11.00 (8.00)

Notes: a, Kruskal–Wallis H-test; b, Wilcoxon rank-sum test; *p value < 0.05; **p value < 0.01.

Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; IQR, interquartile range.

Table 3 Descriptive Statistics and Correlations of Variables (N = 223)

Variables	Mean ± SD	Symptom Burden	Resilience	Anxiety/Depression
		r	r	r
Symptom burden	68.55 ± 15.79	1
Resilience	73.40 ± 11.13	−0.31*	1
Anxiety/depression	12.37 ± 6.03	0.57*	−0.41*	1

Note: *p value < 0.05.

Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; r, Pearson’s correlation coefficient.

Figure 1 Model of the mediating effect of resilience on the association of symptom burden with anxiety/depression. **p value < 0.01, *p value < 0.05. Values on paths are path coefficients (non-standardized βs).