Validation of the Arabic Version of the Attitude Toward Education and Advice for Low Back Pain Questionnaire

Figures & data

Table 1 Distribution of Respondents According to Demographic Variables (n = 62) and Reliability Testing (n = 20)

Demographic Variables	Construct a validity test (n = 65)	Pilot Study (n = 20)
Mean age (years) ± SD	45.16 ± (14.21%)	NA
Sex
Male	31 (47%)	13 (65%)
Female	34 (52%)	7 (35%)
Education
Elementary	3 (4.6%)	5 (25%)
Middle school	3 (4.6%)	1 (5%)
Secondary school	12 (18%)	0
University	47 (72%)	14 (70%)
Occupation
Employed	31 (47%)	10 (50%)
Retired	12 (18%)	2 (10%)
Unemployed	22 (33%)	8 (40%)
Marital status
Single	15 (23%)	7 (35%)
Married	45 (69%)	12 (60%)
Divorced	3 (4.6%)	1 (5%)
Widowed	2 (3%)	0
Smoking
Yes	13 (20%)	14 (70%)
No	52 (80%)	6 (30%)
Weight mean ± SD (kg)	77.0 ± 14.229%	NA
Height ± SD (cm)	165.93± 7.601%	NA
Low back pain duration
Less than 3 months	13 (20%)	3 (5%)
More than 3 months	52 (80%)	17 (85%)
Low back pain rate mean ± SD	5.969 ± (2.046%)	NA

Notes: Table 1 shows the distribution of the sample according to demographic variables.

Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; NA, not asked.

Table 2 Translation and Cross-Cultural Adaptation of the Arabic Version of AxEL

No.	Item	7	6	5	4	3	2	1
1	questions were clear and easy to understand	46.3%	71.2%	7.9%	1.8%	0.9%	17.6%	34.1%
2	Questions covered all problem areas concerning back pain	27.1%	39.3%	22.4%	3.3%	1.9%	42.1%	5.9%
4	The questionnaire lacks important questions	3.7%	23.4%	36.1%	21.2%	3.7%	25.1%	17.9%
5	Some questions violate your privacy	2.8%	4.7%	11.3%	35.2%	43.6%	10.6%	26.7%
6	You would recommend this questionnaire to another volunteer	23.4%	45.1%	19.0%	7.3%	3.9%	13.5%	39.7%
7	The questions appear to encourage a specific answer	12.1%	30.2%	20.3%	16.3%	7.5%	25.1%	17.6%
8	You found it difficult to answer any of the questions	3.7%	34.4%	10.3%	35.1%	23.5%	9.4%	21.3%

Table 3 Results of the Reliability, Measurement Error, and Validity of the Translation Validation for AxEL

	ICC (95% CI)	SEM(%SEM)	SDC90(%SDC90)
First factor	0.94(0.89, 0.97)	5.14(3.78)	11.93 (8.8)
Second factor	0.90(0.85, 0.94)	2.43(6.07)	5.63 (14.1)
Third factor	0.91(0.86,0.93)	3.26(2.58)	11.93 (8.8)
Fourth factor	0.89(0.88,0.91)	4.13(2.77)	5.63 (14.1)

Notes: SDC₉₀: smallest detectable change with 90% confidence level; %SDC₉₀: percentage width of the SDC₉₀.

Abbreviations: ICC, intraclass correlation coefficient; CI: confidence interval; SEM: standard error measurement; %SEM, percentage of SEM.

Figure 1 Floor and ceiling effects.