Medication adherence in the management of nocturia: challenges and solutions

Figures & data

Figure 1 Conceptual model: adherence to nocturia medication.

Abbreviation: HRQoL, health-related quality of life.

Table 1 Summary of studies included in the review

Study	Study design	Overview
Filipetto et al^Citation85	Mixed methods: qualitative interview and cross-sectional survey	Medication nonadherence is common, and is related to therapy effectiveness and adverse effects. There exists a significant time gap between symptom onset and diagnosis.
Mauseth et al^Citation86	Retrospective	Discontinuation rate for anticholinergic drugs for overactive bladder in women is high. Limited clinical effect and an unacceptable adverse effect burden are the reasons for discontinuation.
Johnston et al^Citation80	Retrospective	Patients with diabetes were more persistent and adherent to OAB medications and had higher odds of filling a second medication prescription than patients without diabetes.
Vecchioli Scaldazza et al^Citation43	Randomized controlled study	The cost of anticholinergics may be responsible for both early discontinuation of treatment and incomplete adherence to therapy, with unsatisfactory results on symptoms and an incorrect assessment of the effectiveness of the drug by the urologist.
Wagg et al^Citation74	Retrospective	Twelve months after the initial prescription, persistence rates with pharmacotherapy in the context of OAB are generally low.
Jundt et al^Citation84	Cross-sectional survey	Anticholinergic therapy is often discontinued by patients and doctors.
Sears et al^Citation32	Retrospective	35% of patients who received their medication free did not refill their medication.
Yeaw et al^Citation42	Retrospective	Adherence to prostaglandin eyedrops and OAB medications was lower than that to cardiovascular, oral antidiabetic, and oral osteoporosis therapies.
Brubaker et al^Citation44	Cross-sectional survey	Bother associated with the key OAB symptom, urgency, is a predictor of discontinuation of treatment. Patients taking two or more medications are less likely to discontinue.
Benner et al^Citation11	Cross-sectional survey	Expectations about treatment efficacy and side-effects are the most important considerations in discontinuing OAB medications for most patients.
Pelletier et al^Citation30	Retrospective	Adherence among OAB therapy patients was low, with 14% of patients achieving adherence of 80% or higher, and average adherence was 32%.
D’Souza et al^Citation27	Retrospective	Adherence was significantly better for extended-release than immediate-release pharmacotherapy agents among managed care plan enrollees.
Balkrishnan et al^Citation55	Longitudinal cohort study	Increased antimuscarinic MPR remained the strongest predictor of decreased total annual health care costs (5.6% decrease in annual costs with every 10% increase in MPR, P<0.001).
Shaya et al^Citation46	Retrospective	Persistence rates are better for patients taking drugs with once-daily dosing.
Yu et al^Citation29	Retrospective	Only 5% patients exhibited >80% adherence during the 6-month follow-up-period.

Abbreviations: OAB, overactive bladder; MPR, medication–possession ratio.

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