Figures & data
Figure 1 Potential molecular mechanisms through which obstructive sleep apnea has effects on endothelial progenitor cells.
Notes: Solid lines, increase or enhance; dotted lines, decrease or inhibit; blue lines, intermittent hypoxia pathologic pathway; red lines, direct effects from sleep fragmentation; orange lines, nuclear factor (NF)-κB inflammatory pathologic pathway; green lines, oxidative stress pathologic pathway; purple lines, nitric oxide (NO) pathologic pathway; yellow lines, apoptosis pathologic pathway; gray lines, angiotensin (Ang) II and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 pathologic pathway; aqua lines, hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) 1 adaptive pathologic pathway.
Abbreviations: NF-κB, nuclear factor κB; ASK-1, apoptosis signal regulating kinase 1; JNK, Jun N-terminal kinase; Bax/Bcl-2, the ratio of Bax protein to Bcl-2 protein; EPC, endothelial progenitor cell; ROS, reactive oxygen species; eNOS, endothelial nitric oxide synthase; NO, nitric oxide; Ang II, angiotensin II; (COX)-2, cyclooxygenase-2; PGE2, prostaglandin E2; MMP9, matrix metalloproteinase -9; sKitL, soluble Kit ligand; HIF-1, hypoxia inducible factor-1; VEGF, Vascular endothelial growth factor; EPO, erythropoietin; SDF-1, stroma-derived factor-1.
Abbreviations: NF-κB, nuclear factor κB; ASK-1, apoptosis signal regulating kinase 1; JNK, Jun N-terminal kinase; Bax/Bcl-2, the ratio of Bax protein to Bcl-2 protein; EPC, endothelial progenitor cell; ROS, reactive oxygen species; eNOS, endothelial nitric oxide synthase; NO, nitric oxide; Ang II, angiotensin II; (COX)-2, cyclooxygenase-2; PGE2, prostaglandin E2; MMP9, matrix metalloproteinase -9; sKitL, soluble Kit ligand; HIF-1, hypoxia inducible factor-1; VEGF, Vascular endothelial growth factor; EPO, erythropoietin; SDF-1, stroma-derived factor-1.
