Health state utilities associated with adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Figures & data

Table 1 Demographic characteristics

Characteristics	London (n=78)	Edinburgh (n=80)	Total sample (n=158)	P-valuea
Age (years), mean (standard deviation)	44.9 (14.9)	49.1 (13.8)	47.0 (14.4)	0.068
Sex, n (%)
Male	41 (52.6)	39 (48.8)	80 (50.6)	0.63
Female	37 (47.4)	41 (51.3)	78 (49.4)
Ethnicity, n (%)
White	55 (70.5)	77 (96.3)	132 (83.5)	0.0002
Black	7 (9.0)	0 (0.0)	7 (4.4)
Asian	8 (10.3)	1 (1.3)	9 (5.7)
Mixed	8 (10.3)	2 (2.5)	10 (6.3)
Marital status, n (%)
Single	42 (53.8)	22 (27.5)	64 (40.5)	0.0033
Married	24 (30.8)	37 (46.3)	61 (38.6)
Otherb	12 (15.4)	21 (26.3)	33 (20.9)
Employment status, n (%)
Work full time or part time	49 (62.8)	43 (53.8)	92 (58.2)	0.25
Otherc	29 (37.2)	37 (46.3)	66 (41.8)
Education level, n (%)
Completed university degree	32 (41.0)	28 (35.0)	60 (38.0)	0.44
Did not complete university degree	46 (59.0)	52 (65.0)	98 (62.0)

Notes:

a P-values are for comparisons between the London and Edinburgh samples. Comparisons were performed with independent Student’s t-tests for continuous variables and chi-square analyses for categorical variables.

b Includes divorced, separated, and widowed.

c Includes homemaker/housewife, student, unemployed, retired, and disabled.

Table 2 Time trade-off utility scores

Health states describing adult ADHD	London (n=78)	Edinburgh (n=80)	Total sample (n=158)	P-valuea
Mean (standard deviation)
(A) Treatment responder	0.83 (0.16)	0.82 (0.18)	0.82 (0.17)	0.58
(B) Treatment nonresponder	0.67 (0.29)	0.69 (0.28)	0.68 (0.28)	0.61
(C) Untreated	0.65 (0.30)	0.68 (0.27)	0.67 (0.28)	0.50

Note:

a P-values are from t-tests comparing the London and Edinburgh samples.

Abbreviation: ADHD, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Table S1 Health state A: treatment responder

• ADHD

○A doctor has diagnosed you with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, which is sometimes called ADD or ADHD.

○You first had these problems as a young child, and the problems have persisted into adulthood.

• Treatments

○You receive treatment for ADHD. This may include medication (tablets every day) and/or psychological treatment.

• Symptoms

○ONCE IN A WHILE, you have the symptoms below:

○You have a little difficulty concentrating and keeping your attention focused.

○You have problems organizing tasks and activities.

○You procrastinate and have a little difficulty getting started on tasks.

○You have a little difficulty finding important things like your keys or wallet.

○You feel a little internal restlessness and tension, and you appear a little restless to others even when you are sitting. You fidget and have a little trouble sitting still.

• Functioning

○Your ADHD has some MINIMAL CONSEQUENCES for your life.

○Your ADHD symptoms have a minimal impact on your social interaction and relationships.

■Once in a while, you have a little trouble concentrating when people are speaking to you.

■If you are in a relationship with a spouse or significant other, your ADHD symptoms cause minimal difficulties, such as tension and arguments once in a while.

○Your ADHD symptoms have a minimal impact on your productivity.

■Once in a while, you have a little trouble completing tasks and getting things done on time at work and at home.

■Once in a while, you have a little difficulty remembering appointments.

Table S2 Health state B: treatment nonresponder

• ADHD

○A doctor has diagnosed you with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, which is sometimes called ADD or ADHD.

○You first had these problems as a young child, and the problems have persisted into adulthood.

• Treatments

○You receive treatment for ADHD. This may include medication (tablets every day) and/or psychological treatment.

• Symptoms

○You OFTEN have the symptoms below:

○You have difficulty concentrating and keeping your attention focused.

○You have problems organizing tasks and activities.

○You procrastinate and have difficulty getting started on tasks.

○You have difficulty finding important things like your keys or wallet.

○You feel internal restlessness and tension, and you appear restless to others even when you are sitting. You fidget and have trouble sitting still.

• Functioning

○Your ADHD has REAL CONSEQUENCES for your life.

○Your ADHD symptoms have an impact on your social interaction and relationships.

■You often have trouble concentrating when people are speaking to you.

■If you are in a relationship with a spouse or significant other, your ADHD symptoms often cause difficulties, such as tension and arguments.

○Your ADHD symptoms have an impact on your productivity.

■You often have trouble completing tasks and getting things done on time at work and at home.

■You often have difficulty remembering appointments.

Table S3 Health state C: untreated

• ADHD

○A doctor has diagnosed you with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, which is sometimes called ADD or ADHD.

○You first had these problems as a young child, and the problems have persisted into adulthood.

• Treatments

○You do not receive treatment for ADHD.

• Symptoms

○You OFTEN have the symptoms below:

○You have difficulty concentrating and keeping your attention focused.

○You have problems organizing tasks and activities.

○You procrastinate and have difficulty getting started on tasks.

○You have difficulty finding important things like your keys or wallet.

○You feel internal restlessness and tension, and you appear restless to others even when you are sitting. You fidget and have trouble sitting still.

• Functioning

○Your ADHD has REAL CONSEQUENCES for your life.

○Your ADHD symptoms have an impact on your social interaction and relationships.

■You often have trouble concentrating when people are speaking to you.

■If you are in a relationship with a spouse or significant other, your ADHD symptoms often cause difficulties, such as tension and arguments.

○Your ADHD symptoms have an impact on your productivity.

■You often have trouble completing tasks and getting things done on time at work and at home.

■You often have difficulty remembering appointments.