Cross-cultural adaptation and reliability testing of Polish adaptation of the European Heart Failure Self-care Behavior Scale (EHFScBS)

Figures & data

Table 1 Original version of EHFScBS and its Polish adaptation

Original version					Polish adaptation
I completely agree				I don’t agree at all	Całkowicie się zgadzam			Całkowicie się nie zgadzam
1	2	3	4	5	1	2	3	4	5
1. I weigh myself every day.					1. Ważę się codziennie.
2. If I get short of breath, I take it easy.					2. Gdy mam zadyszkę staram się odpocząć.
3. If my shortness of breath increases, I contact my doctor or nurse.					3. Gdy moja zadyszka nasila się kontaktuję się z moim lekarzem lub pielęgniarką.
4. If my feet/legs become more swollen than usual, I contact my doctor or nurse.					4. Gdy obrzęk stóp/nóg jest większy niż zazwyczaj kontaktuję się z moim lekarzem lub pielęgniarką.
5. If I gain 2 kg in one week, I contact my doctor or nurse.					5. Gdy w tydzień przytyję 2 kilo kontaktuję się z moim lekarzem lub pielęgniarką.
6. I limit the amount of fluids I drink (not more than 1½–2 L/day).					6. Ograniczam ilość płynów, które wypijam (nie więcej niż 1,5–2 litry dziennie).
7. I take a rest during the day.					7. Odpoczywam w ciągu dnia.
8. If I experience increased fatigue, I contact my doctor or nurse.					8. Jeżeli odczuwam zwiększone zmęczenie kontaktuję się z moim lekarzem lub pielęgniarką.
9. I eat a low salt diet.					9. Moja dieta jest niskosodowa.
10. I take my medication as prescribed.					10. Przyjmuję leki zgodnie z zaleceniami.
11. I get a flu shot every year.					11. Co roku szczepię się przeciw grypie.
12. I exercise regularly.					12. Ćwiczę regularnie.

Notes: Adapted from Jaarsma T, Arestedt KF, Martensson J, Dracup K, Stromberg A. The European Heart Failure Self-care Behaviour scale revised into a nine-item scale (EHFScB-9): a reliable and valid international instrument. Eur J Heart Fail. 2009;11(1):99–105. Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. Copyright © 2009 Jaarsma T, Arestedt KF, Martensson J, Dracup K, Stromberg A.²⁴

Abbreviation: EHFScBS, European Heart Failure Self-care Behavior Scale.

Table 2 Demographic and clinical characteristics of the study participants

Characteristics	Value (n=100)
Age (years)	67.5 (60–76.5)
Sex
Male	n=67
Female	n=33
Education (years)	10 (8–12)
Left ventricular ejection fraction (%)	35 (30–45)
NYHA class
I	n=1
II	n=44
III	n=54
IV	n=1
Time from HF diagnosis (years)	2 (1–6)
Medication
Diuretics	n=97
Beta blockers	n=96
ACEi/ARB	n=85
Digoxin	n=36

Abbreviations: ACEi, angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blockers; HF, heart failure; NYHA, New York Heart Association.

Table 3 Scores for individual items included in Polish adaptation of the EHFScBS questionnaire and the number of participants presenting with low levels of self-care (scores of 3–5 on the Likert scale) in domains characterized by the individual statements

Item	Mean ± SD	Median (IQR)	Inadequate (n)
1. I weigh myself every day.	3.5±1.4	4 (3–5)	76
2. If I get short of breath I take it easy.	1.6±1.2	1 (1–1)	17
3. If my shortness of breath increases I contact my doctor or nurse.	2.9±1.6	3 (1–5)	53
4. If my feet/legs become more swollen than usual I contact my doctor or nurse.	2.9±1.7	3 (1–5)	53
5. If I gain 2 kilo in one week I contact my doctor or nurse.	3.8±1.5	5 (3–5)	75
6. I limit the amount of fluids I drink (not more than 1½–2 L/day).	2.8±1.6	3 (1–4)	54
7. I take a rest during the day.	1.9±1.4	1 (1–3)	26
8. If I experience increased fatigue I contact my doctor or nurse.	3.3±1.6	4 (2–5)	64
9. I eat a low salt diet.	2.5±1.5	2 (1–4)	41
10. I take my medication as prescribed.	1.6±1.3	1 (1–1)	17
11. I get a flu shot every year.	4.2±1.5	5 (4–5)	82
12. I exercise regularly.	3.3±1.6	3 (2–5)	65

Notes: Adapted from Jaarsma T, Arestedt KF, Martensson J, Dracup K, Stromberg A. The European Heart Failure Self-care Behaviour scale revised into a nine-item scale (EHFScB-9): a reliable and valid international instrument. Eur J Heart Fail. 2009;11(1):99–105. Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. Copyright © 2009 Jaarsma T, Arestedt KF, Martensson J, Dracup K, Stromberg A.²⁴

Abbreviations: EHFScBS, European Heart Failure Self-care Behavior Scale; IQR, interquartile range; SD, standard deviation.

Table 4 Psychometric characteristics of Polish adaptation of the EHFScBS questionnaire

Item (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.64)	Corrected item–total correlation	Cronbach’s alpha if item deleted
1. I weigh myself every day.	0.27	0.62
2. If I get short of breath I take it easy.	0.03	0.65
3. If my shortness of breath increases I contact my doctor or nurse.	0.59	0.55
4. If my feet/legs become more swollen than usual I contact my doctor or nurse.	0.43	0.58
5. If I gain 2 kilo in one week I contact my doctor or nurse.	0.32	0.61
6. I limit the amount of fluids I drink (not more than 1½–2 L/day).	0.27	0.62
7. I take a rest during the day.	0.08	0.65
8. If I experience increased fatigue I contact my doctor or nurse.	0.55	0.56
9. I eat a low salt diet.	0.36	0.60
10. I take my medication as prescribed.	0.07	0.65
11. I get a flu shot every year.	0.11	0.64
12. I exercise regularly.	0.23	0.63

Notes: Adapted from Jaarsma T, Arestedt KF, Martensson J, Dracup K, Stromberg A. The European Heart Failure Self-care Behaviour scale revised into a nine-item scale (EHFScB-9): a reliable and valid international instrument. Eur J Heart Fail. 2009;11(1):99–105. Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. Copyright © 2009 Jaarsma T, Arestedt KF, Martensson J, Dracup K, Stromberg A.²⁴

Abbreviation: EHFScBS, European Heart Failure Self-care Behavior Scale.

JaarsmaTArestedtKFMartenssonJDracupKStrombergAThe European Heart Failure Self-care Behaviour scale revised into a nineitem scale (EHFScB-9): a reliable and valid international instrumentEur J Heart Fail20091119910519147463

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