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Patient Preference and Adherence Volume 9, 2015 - Issue
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Original Research

Implantation of venous access devices under local anesthesia: patients’ satisfaction with oral lorazepam

De-Hua Chang1 Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, GermanyCorrespondence[email protected]
,
Sonja Hiss1 Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
,
Lena Herich2 Institute of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
,
Ingrid Becker2 Institute of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
,
Kamal Mammadov1 Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
,
Mareike Franke1 Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
,
Anastasios Mpotsaris1 Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
,
Robert Kleinert3 Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
,
Thorsten Persigehl1 Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
,
David Maintz1 Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
&
Christopher Bangard1 Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
 show all
Pages 943-949 | Published online: 07 Jul 2015

Figures & data

Figure 1 Difference in tension before intervention and during intervention, with and without premedication.

Notes: Patients were categorized in three groups depending on the tension level before the intervention (low: 0–3; medium: 4–7; high: 8–10). N is the number of patients; “No” indicates patients without premedication; “Yes” indicates patients with premedication. The short dashes within the boxes indicate the mean, and the broad lines indicate the median. Tension is measured by visual analog scale (VAS; 0–10). The circle indicates outlier (>1.5× IQR).
Figure 1 Difference in tension before intervention and during intervention, with and without premedication.

Figure 2 Patients’ self-assessment of the level of tension compared with the estimation by the physician (with and without premedication, VAS; 0–10).

Abbreviation: VAS, visual analog scale.
Figure 2 Patients’ self-assessment of the level of tension compared with the estimation by the physician (with and without premedication, VAS; 0–10).

Figure 3 Patients’ satisfaction (VAS 0–10) in respect of the grade of tension (VAS ≤5/10 or >5/10) with and without premedication.

Notes: The circle indicates outlier (>1.5× IQR); the star indicates far outlier (>3× IQR).
Abbreviations: IQR, interquartile range; VAS, visual analog scale.
Figure 3 Patients’ satisfaction (VAS 0–10) in respect of the grade of tension (VAS ≤5/10 or >5/10) with and without premedication.

Figure 4 Intensity of pain during the procedure (VAS; 0–10) with and without premedication.

Notes: The circles indicate outlier (>1.5× IQR); the star indicates far outlier (>3× IQR).
Abbreviations: IQR, interquartile range; VAS, visual analog scale.
Figure 4 Intensity of pain during the procedure (VAS; 0–10) with and without premedication.

Table 1 Summary of results dependent on premedication administration

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