Measuring scales used for assessment of patients with traumatic brain injury: multicenter studies

Figures & data

Table 1 Characteristics of the study population

Variable	n (%)
Gender
Female	46 (28.9)
Male	113 (71.1)
Age, yearsa
≤30	22 (18.8)
31–40	19 (11.9)
41–50	19 (11.9)
51–60	38 (23.9)
61–70	18 (11.3)
71–80	21 (13.2)
81–90	22 (13.8)
Place of residence
Rural	44 (27.7)
Urban	115 (72.3)
Hospitalization period, days
1–3	42 (28.0)
4–6	57 (38.0)
7–10	27 (18.0)
>10	24 (16.0)
Deaths	9 (5.9)*

Notes:

a Mean = 55.2, SD = 19.99 and range = 16.0–93.0.

* In the main analysis, these patients were not considered due to lack of results on day of discharge and very low nonessential results on day of admission.

Abbreviation: SD, standard deviation.

Table 2 Assessment of patients’ condition using particular scales

Scale	Groups, determinants, points	Assessment 1	Assessment 2
		n (%)	n (%)
GCS	Mild, 13–15	118 (78.7)	134 (89.3)
	Moderate, 9–12	15 (10.0)	7 (4.7)
	Loss of consciousness, 6–8	12 (8.0)	7 (4.7)
	Decorticate, 5	1 (0.7)	1 (0.7)
	Decerebrate, 4	4 (2.7)	1 (0.7)
	Mean	13.2	14.1
	SD	2.866	2.219
	Gender and GCS	P=0.988	P=0.857
	Age and GCS	P=0.577	P=0.772
	Place of residence and GCS	P=0.075	P=0.414
FCS	I, self-reliant patient	48 (32.0)	112 (74.7)
	II, patient requiring help	59 (39.3)	23 (15.3)
	III, patient requiring much help	29 (19.3)	6 (4.0)
	IV, patient requiring intensive care	14 (9.3)	9 (6.0)
	Mean	34.1	41.8
	SD	9.855	9.414
	Gender and FCS	P=0.350	P=0.700
	Age and FCS	P=0.001	P=0.088
	Place of residence and FCS	P=0.310	P=0.318
FIR	I, total dependence	43 (28.7)	18 (12.0)
	II, considerable dependence	42 (28.0)	12 (8.0)
	III, partial dependence	22 (14.7)	20 (13.3)
	IV, independence	43 (28.7)	100 (66.7)
	Mean	61.19	85.15
	SD	31.923	28.988
	Gender and FIR	P=0.388	P=0.185
	Age and FIR	P=0.000	P=0.001
	Place of residence and FIR	P=0.341	P=0.469
GOS	5, patient can lead normal life, convalescence	–	90 (60.0)
	4, mild disability, self-reliant patient	–	24 (16.0)
	3, high disability, patient needs help in ADL	–	27 (18.0)
	2, permanent vegetative state	–	9 (6.0)
	Mean	–	4.3
	SD	–	0.968
	Gender and GOS	–	P=0.267
	Age and GOS	–	P=0.000
	Place of residence and GOS	–	P=0.660

Abbreviations: ADL, activities of daily living; FIR, Functional Index “Repty”; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; FCS, Functional Capacity Scale; GOS, Glasgow Outcome Scale; SD, standard deviation.

Table 3 Dependence between GCS and FCS

Assessment	FCS
	I n (%)	II n (%)	III n (%)	IV n (%)
Assessment 1: GCS, points
13–15	48 (100.0)	55 (93.2)	15 (51.8)	0 (0.0)
9–12	0 (0.0)	4 (6.8)	9 (31.0)	4 (28.6)
6–8	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	5 (17.2)	9 (64.3)
5	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	1 (7.1)
4	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
	n=150, R= −0.652 t(n-2) = −10.460, P=0.00
Assessment 2: GCS, points
13–15	112 (100.0)	21 (91.3)	1 (16.7)	0 (0.0)
9–12	0 (0.0)	2 (8.7)	3 (50.0)	2 (22.2)
6–8	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	2 (33.3)	5 (55.6)
5	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	1 (11.1)
4	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	1 (11.1)
	n=150, R= −0.687, t(n-2) = −10.486, P=0.00

Abbreviations: FCS, Functional Capacity Scale; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale.

Table 4 Dependence between GCS and FIR

Assessment	FIR
	I n (%)	II n (%)	III n (%)	IV n (%)
Assessment 1: GCS, points
13–15	18 (41.8)	37 (88.1)	20 (91.0)	43 (100.0)
9–12	10 (23.3)	4 (9.5)	1 (4.5)	0 (0.0)
6–8	10 (23.3)	1 (2.4)	1 (4.5)	0 (0.0)
5	1 (2.3)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
4	4 (9.3)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
	n=150, R=0.530 t(n-2) =7.612, P=0.00
Assessment 2: GCS, points
13–15	5 (27.8)	10 (83.3)	19 (95.0)	100 (100.0)
9–12	4 (22.2)	2 (16.7)	1 (5.0)	0 (0.0)
6–8	7 (38.8)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
5	1 (5.6)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
13–15	1 (5.6)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
	n=150, R=0.595 t(n-2) =8.998, P=0.00

Abbreviations: FIR, Functional Index “Repty”; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale.

Table 5 Dependence between FCS and FIR

Assessment	FIR
	I n (%)	II n (%)	III n (%)	IV n (%)
Assessment 1: FCS
I	0 (0.0)	2 (4.8)	4 (18.2)	42 (97.7)
II	10 (23.3)	32 (76.2)	16 (72.7)	1 (2.3)
III	19 (44.2)	8 (19.0)	2 (9.1)	0 (0.0)
IV	14 (32.5)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
	n=150, R= −0.854 t(n-2) = −19.991, P=0.00
Assessment 2: FCS
I	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	14 (70.0)	98 (98.0)
II	6 (33.3)	9 (75.0)	6 (30.0)	2 (2.0)
III	3 (16.7)	3 (25.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
IV	9 (50.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
	n=150, R= −0.840 t(n-2) = −18.852, P=0.00

Abbreviations: FCS, Functional Capacity Scale; FIR, Functional Index “Repty”.