Factors contributing to nonadherence to follow-up appointments in a resident glaucoma clinic versus primary eye care clinic

Figures & data

Figure 1 Procedure for sample selection.

Abbreviation: CPEC, cataract and primary eye care.

Figure 2 Scheduling procedure for the (A) CPEC clinic and the (B) glaucoma clinic, the control group.

Abbreviation: CPEC, cataract and primary eye care.

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients in the CPEC (N=151) and glaucoma clinics (N=144)

Characteristic	CPEC, n (%)	Glaucoma, n (%)	P-value
Age (years)			0.67
⩽50	22 (14.6)	16 (11.1)
50–80	103 (68.2)	103 (71.5)
⩾80	26 (17.2)	25 (17.4)
Sex			0.28
Female	83 (55.0)	70 (48.6)
Male	68 (45.0)	74 (51.4)
Race			0.42
Black	97 (65.5)	97 (71.3)
White	35 (23.7)	25 (18.4)
Other	19 (12.6)	22 (15.3)
Insurance type			0.05
None	8 (5.3)	13 (9.0)
Medicaid	23 (15.2)	22 (15.3)
Medicare	62 (41.1)	74 (51.4)
Private	58 (38.4)	35 (24.3)
Insurance copayment			⩽0.0001
0	66 (43.7)	111 (77.1)
US$1–$20	21 (13.9)	9 (6.3)
⩾US$20	64 (42.4)	24 (16.7)
Glaucoma status			⩽0.0001
Suspect	122 (80.8)	29 (20.1)
Definite	29 (19.2)	115 (79.9)
Medications			⩽0.0001
≤2	133 (88.1)	86 (59.7)
⩾2	18 (11.9)	58 (40.3)
New patient			0.003
No	84 (55.6)	104 (72.2)
Yes	67 (44.4)	40 (27.8)
Prior glaucoma surgery			⩽0.0001
No	149 (98.7)	89 (61.8)
Yes	2 (1.3)	55 (38.2)
Visual acuity			⩽0.0001
20/20–20/100	125 (82.8)	78 (54.2)
⩾20/100	26 (17.2)	66 (45.8)
IOP (mmHg)			0.0024
⩽21	129 (85.4)	102 (70.8)
≥21	22 (14.6)	42 (29.2)
CDR			⩽0.0001
⩽0.8	111 (85.4)	39 (37.9)
≥0.8	19 (14.6)	64 (62.1)
VF MD			0.0001
⩾–2	35 (42.7)	3 (7.9)
≤–2	47 (57.3)	35 (92.1)
Rec follow-up			0.97
1-month	67 (44.4)	66 (45.8)
3-month	68 (45.0)	63 (43.8)
6-month	16 (10.6)	15 (10.4)

Abbreviations: CDR, cup-to-disc ratio; CPEC, cataract and primary eye care; IOP, intraocular pressure; Rec, recommended; VF MD, visual field mean deviation.

Table 2 Characteristics of nonadherent and adherent patients

Characteristic	Nonadherent, n (%)	Adherent, n (%)	P-value
Service			0.65
CPEC	52 (34.4)	99 (65.6)
Glaucoma	46 (31.9)	98 (68.1)
Age (years)			0.038
<50	16 (42.1)	22 (57.9)
50–80	59 (28.6)	147 (71.4)
>80	23 (45.1)	28 (54.9)
Sex			0.2
Female	56 (36.6)	97 (63.4)
Male	42 (29.6)	100 (70.4)
Race			0.47
Black	69 (35.6)	125 (64.4)
White	18 (30.0)	42 (70.0)
Other	11 (26.8)	30 (73.2)
Insurance type			0.71
None	6 (28.6)	15 (71.4)
Medicaid	12 (26.7)	33 (73.3)
Medicare	48 (35.3)	88 (64.7)
Private	32 (34.4)	61 (65.6)
Insurance copay			0.65
0	56 (31.6)	121 (68.4)
US$1–$20	12 (40.0)	18 (60.0)
>US$20	30 (34.1)	58 (65.9)
Glaucoma status			0.84
Suspect	51 (33.8)	100 (66.2)
Definite	47 (32.6)	97 (67.4)
Medications			0.0005
≤2	85 (38.8)	134 (61.2)
>2	13 (17.1)	63 (82.9)
New patient			0.25
No	58 (30.9)	130 (69.1)
Yes	40 (37.4)	67 (62.6)
Prior glaucoma surgery			0.77
No	80 (33.6)	158 (66.4)
Yes	18 (31.6)	39 (68.4)
Visual acuity			0.88
20/20–20/100	68 (33.5)	135 (66.5)
<20/100	30 (32.6)	62 (67.4)
IOP (mmHg)			0.71
>21	78 (33.8)	153 (66.2)
≥21	20 (31.3)	44 (68.7)
CDR			0.74
>0.8	51 (34.0)	99 (66.0)
≥0.8	30 (36.1)	53 (63.9)
VF MD			0.32
>−2	7 (18.4)	31 (81.6)
≤−2	22 (26.8)	60 (73.2)
Rec follow-up			0.11
1-month	36 (27.1)	97 (72.9)
3-month	49 (37.4)	82 (62.6)
6-month	13 (41.9)	18 (58.1)

Abbreviations: CDR, cup-to-disc ratio; CPEC, cataract and primary eye care; IOP, intraocular pressure; Rec, recommended; VF MD, visual field mean deviation.

Table 3 Odds ratios for multiple logistic regression analysis of risk factors for adherence with glaucoma follow-up visit

Risk factor	OR	95% CI	P-value
CPEC service vs glaucoma service	1.35	0.79–2.32	0.28
Ocular medications ≤2 vs ⩾2	0.32	0.16–0.66	0.0018
Age ⩽50 vs 50–80 years	0.47	0.22–1.01	0.02
Age ⩾80 vs 50–80 years	0.45	0.23–0.87	0.02
1-month vs 6-month follow-up	2.37	0.96–5.85	0.061
3-month vs 6-month follow-up	1.23	0.54–2.84	0.061
Existing patient vs new patient	1.63	0.89–2.98	0.11

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; CPEC, cataract and primary eye care; OR, odds ratio; vs, versus.