Medication adherence in patients with psychotic disorders: an observational survey involving patients before they switch to long-acting injectable risperidone

Figures & data

Table 1 Demographic characteristics of the patients

Characteristic
Age in years, mean ± SD	36.8±11.9*
Sex, n (%) patients
Male	1,210 (64.3)
Female	673 (35.7)
Marital status, n (%) patients
Single	1,279 (68.0)
Married or in partnership	335 (17.8)
Divorced, separated, or widowed	266 (14.1)
Living arrangements, n (%) patients
Living independently	1,014 (54.5)
Institutionalized	729 (39.2)
No fixed residence	61 (3.3)
Other	55 (3.0)
Occupational status, n (%) patients
Unemployed	1,440 (76.9)
Employed	433 (23.1)

Note:

* n=1,872.

Abbreviation: SD, standard deviation.

Figure 1 Medication adherence (MAQ) according to therapeutic alliance (4PAS).

Notes: Medication adherence (MAQ data) was significantly associated with therapeutic alliance (P<0.0001). Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation.
Abbreviations: MAQ, Medication Adherence Questionnaire; 4PAS, 4-Point ordinal Alliance Scale.

Table 2 Characteristics statistically significantly associated with poor medication adherence (“low” MAQ classification)

Variables	Univariate model			Multivariate model
	Low MAQ	Medium + high MAQ	P-value	aOR	95% CI		P-value
	n (%)	n (%)
Sex
Male	547 (52.6)	492 (47.4)	0.5654
Female	307 (54.1)	260 (45.9)
Age
<40 years	587 (56.5)	452 (43.5)	0.0003	1.566	1.313	1.869	0.0002
≥40 years	264 (47.1)	296 (52.9)
No	761 (54.7)	629 (45.3)
Disease severity
CGI-S ≥4	785 (55.8)	623 (44.2)	<0.0001	1.986	1.518	2.598	<0.0001
CGI-S, 4	69 (35.8)	124 (64.2)
Psychotic disorder
Schizophrenia	555 (56.3)	431 (43.7)	0.0083
Schizoaffective disorder	165 (52.2)	151 (47.8)
Persistent delusions	71 (45.8)	84 (54.2)
Acute psychotic episode	47 (44.8)	58 (55.2)
Other	15 (38.5)	24 (61.5)
Insight
PANSS-G12 ≥4	572 (57.8)	417 (42.2)	<0.0001	1.459	1.225	1.738	0.0003
PANSS-G12 <4	279 (46.2)	325 (53.8)

Abbreviations: MAQ, Medication Adherence Questionnaire; CGI-S, Clinical Global Impression Scale-Severity; PANSS-G12, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (lack of judgment and insight); aOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.

Figure 2 Therapeutic alliance according to psychotic disorder, disease severity (CGI-S), and insight (PANSS-G12).

Notes: Therapeutic alliance was lower in “severely ill” or “among the most extremely ill” patients (P<0.001), and in patients with poor insight (P<0.001). Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation.
Abbreviations: 4PAS, 4-Point ordinal Alliance Scale; CGI-S, Clinical Global Impression Scale-Severity; PANSS-G12, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (lack of judgment and insight).