Motivation of health workers and associated factors in public hospitals of West Amhara, Northwest Ethiopia

Figures & data

Table 1 Characteristics of professionals in public hospitals of West Amhara, Northwest Ethiopia, 2013

Characteristics	n (%)
Sex
Male	189 (62.2)
Female	115 (37.8)
Age (years)
≤25	136 (44.7)
26–35	139 (45.7)
36–45	19 (6.3)
46–55	9 (3)
≥56	1 (0.3)
Net salary (ETB)
≤1,400	68 (22.4)
1,401–3,500	223 (73.4)
3,501–5,000	11 (3.6)
≥5,001	2 (0.7)
Remuneration (ETB)
0–100	111 (36.5)
101–500	153 (50.3)
501–1,000	34 (11.2)
>1,001	6 (2.0)
Perceived religiosity
Very religious	78 (25.7)
Religious	131 (43.1)
Somewhat religious	88 (28.9)
Not at all religious	7 (2.3)
Educational status
Diploma	153 (50.3)
Degree/MD	145 (47.7)
Master or specialist	6 (2.0)
Profession category
Doctor	54 (17.8)
Nurses all type	152 (50)
Laboratory all type	40 (13.2)
Pharmacy all type	28 (9.2)
Othersa	27 (8.9)
Marital status
Single	128 (42.1)
Married	171 (56.2)
Separated	5 (1.7)
Management position
Yes	83 (27.3)
No	221 (72.7)
Hospital
Primary	75 (24.7)
General	49 (16.1)
Referral	180 (59.2)
Performance review
Formal system	170 (55.9)
Informal	76 (25)
Not reviewed	58 (19.1)
Training
Yes	136 (44.7)
No	168 (55.3)
Years of service
<1 year	152 (50)
1–5 years	76 (25)
5–10 years	57 (18.8)
>10 years	19 (6.3)
Results of performance utilized for
Training	23 (7.6)
Promotion	90 (29.8)
Rotation	25 (8.2)
Demotion	12 (3.9)
Multipurpose	22 (7.2)
Not used	132 (43.4)

Notes: n=304.

a Others: X-ray, environmental, physiotherapy, ophthalmic nurse, anesthesia. “Master” refers to professional who complete their second degree.

Abbreviation: MD, medical doctor.

Table 2 Raw mean scores and (%SM) for the motivation dimensions among respondents recruited from public hospitals of West Amhara, Northwest Ethiopia, 2013

Motivation dimension	Raw mean score ± SD	(%SM)
Intrinsic motivation	3.79±1.257	58.33%
Conscientiousness	4.06±1.081	71.00%
Organizational commitment	3.26±1.356	52.82%
Organizational burnout	3.56±1.268	64.00%
Overall motivation score	10.03±1.975	58.61%

Notes: n=304. (%SM) is the standardized score as the percentage of possible maximum scale score, and it lies between 0 and 100.

Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; %SM, standardized percentage of the maximum scale.

Table 3 Sociodemographic and institutional variables as predictors of intrinsic motivation at public hospitals of West Amhara, Northwest Ethiopia, 2013

Explanatory variables	Category	n (%)	Unstandardized β (95% CI for β)	Standardized β (95% CI for β)
Age			−0.08 (−0.039, −0.007)*	−0.116 (−0.41, −0.001)*
Sex	Male	189 (62.2)a	–	–
	Female	115 (37.8)	0.134 (0.042, 0.345)*	0.129 (0.104, 0.421)*
Profession	Doctor	54 (17.8)	0.121 (0.017, 0.780)*	0.399 (0.017, 0.780)*
	Nurse	152 (50.0)a	–	–
	Laboratory	40 (13.2)	−0.025 (−0.520, 0.336)	−0.017 (−0.490, 0.366)
	Pharmacy	28 (9.2)	−0.194 (−1.337, −0.347)**	−0.192 (−0.489, 0.357)
	Others	30 (9.8)	−0.081 (−0.165, 0.028)	−0.060 (−1.340, −0.329)
Hospital level	Primary	75 (24.7)	−0.187 (−0.880, −0.211)**	−0.143 (−0.755, −0.077)*
	General	49 (16.1)	0.034 (−0.277, −0.507)	0.070 (−0.151, 0.629)
	Referral	180 (59.2)a	–	–
Adj R^2				0.037

Notes: n=304.

a References category (categories with highest frequency taken as reference categories).

* Significant at P<0.05

** significant at P<0.01. Negative values of standard β indicate negative predictors of HPs motivation and positive values indicate positive predictors of HPs motivation.

Abbreviations: Adj, adjusted; CI, confidence interval; HPs, health professionals.

Table 4 Sociodemographic and institutional variables as predictors of organizational commitment among health professionals in public hospitals of West Amhara, Northwest Ethiopia, 2013

Explanatory variables	Category	n (%)	Unstandardized β (95% CI for β)	Standardized β (95% CI for β)
Utilization of performance report	Used	172 (56.6)a	–	–
	Not used	132 (43.4)	−0.138 (−0.133, −0.044)*	−0.051 (−0.422, −0.145)
Hospital level	Primary	75 (24.7)	−0.087 (−0.086, 0.631)	−0.004 (−0.348, 0.321)
	General	49 (16.1)	0.227 (0.416, 1.257)*	0.096 (−0.046, 0.751)*
	Referral	180 (59.2)a	–	–
Performance management and supervision	–	–	0.380 (0.306, 0.539)***	0.214 (0.108, 0.367)***
Staffing and work schedule	–	–	0.346 (0.256, 0.487)*	0.134 (0.016, 0.272)*
Staff development	–	–	0.191 (0.079, 0.298)*	0.069 (−0.035, 0.170)
Availability of necessary resources	–	–	0.309 (0.206, 0.426)*	0.150 (0.042, 0.262)*
Communication	–	–	0.293 (0.211, 0.457)*	0.109 (−0.001, 0.251)
Adj R^2	–	–	–	0.226

Notes: n=304.

a References category (categories with highest frequency taken as reference categories).

* Significant at P<0.05

*** significant at P<0.001. Negative values of standard β indicate negative predictors of HPs motivation and positive values indicate positive predictors of HPs motivation.

Abbreviations: Adj, adjusted; CI, confidence interval; HPs, health professionals.

Table 5 Predictors of motivation in the organizational burnout dimension of health workers’ motivation at public hospitals of West Amhara, 2013

Explanatory variables	n (%)	Unstandardized β	95% CI for β
			Upper bound	Lower bound
Performance
Formally reviewed	170 (55.9)a	–	–	–
Informally reviewed	76 (25)	−0.027	−0.420	0.263
Not reviewed at all	58 (19.1)	−0.155	−0.875*	−0.122*
Adj R^2	–	–	0.016	–

Notes: n=304.

a References category (categories with highest frequency taken as reference categories).

* Significant at P<0.05. Negative values of standard β indicate negative predictors of HPs motivation and positive values indicate positive predictors of HPs motivation.

Abbreviations: Adj, adjusted; CI, confidence interval; HPs, health professionals.

Table 6 Sociodemographic and institutional variables as predictors of conscientiousness among health professionals in public hospitals of West Amhara, Northwest Ethiopia, 2013

Explanatory variables	Category	n (%)	Unstandardized β (95% CI for β)	Standardized β (95% CI for β)
Age	–	–	−0.120 (−0.41, −0.001)*	−0.129 (−0.042, −0.004)*
Have you taken training in the past year?	Yes	136 (44.7)a	–	–
	No	168 (55.3)	−0.327 (−0.464, −0.025)*	−0.151 (−0.562, −0.093)*
Is performance reviewed?	Yes	246 (80.1)a	–	–
	No	58 (19.1)	0.183 (0.198, 0.809)*	0.130 (0.062, 0.653)*
Staffing and work schedule	–	–	0.224 (0.097, 0.286)**	0.142 (0.023, 0.221)**
Availability of necessary resources	–	–	0.205 (0.077, 0.257)*	0.118 (0.003, 0.188)*
Communication	–	–	0.224 (0.103, 0.305)*	0.142 (0.024, 0.234)*
Adj R^2	–	–	–	0.126

Notes: n=304.

a References category (categories with highest frequency taken as reference categories).

* Significant at P<0.05

** significant at P<0.01. Negative values of standard β indicate negative predictors of HPs motivation and positive values indicate positive predictors of HPs motivation.

Abbreviations: Adj, adjusted; CI, confidence interval; HPs, health professionals.