Twenty-four-week effects of liraglutide on body composition, adherence to appetite, and lipid profile in overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Figures & data

Table 1 Baseline (t₀) descriptive statistics of the sample

Variables	Total =28 (women: 12; men: 16) Mean ± SD
Age (years)	58.75±9.33
Body composition and muscle markers
Height (m)	1.66±0.09
Body weight (kg)	94.58±18.32
BMI (kg/m^2)	34.13±5.46
Waist circumference (cm)	116.7±10.37
Total tissue (kg)	91.50±17.98
Fat mass (kg)	35.80±10.88
Free fat mass (kg)	55.70±10.84
Fat mass (%) on total tissue	38.63±7.23
FMI (kg/m^2)	13.01±4.14
FFMI (kg/m^2)	20.01±2.51
Af (%)	46.75±6.94
Gf (%)	39.49±9.09
Af/Gf ratio (units)	1.23±0.25
Tf (%)	42.39±6.54
Lf (%)	34.98±10.50
Arms fat (%)	37.30±10.79
Lifa (%)	36.07±10.29
Tf/Lf ratio (units)	1.29±0.34
Tf/Lif ratio (units)	1.24±0.32
RSMM (kg/m^2)	8.76±1.22
Serum creatinine (mg/dL)	0.84±0.237
Glucose control variables
Duration of diabetes (years)	6.52±5.55
Blood glucose level (mmol/L)	9.85±3.49
ADAG (mmol/L)	10.57±2.40
HbA1c (%) (mmol/mol)	8.26 (67)±1.51
Insulin (mUI/L)	17.11±11.23
HOMA (units)	7.88±6.39
C-peptide (ng/mL)	3.15±1.89
Lipid profile
Triglycerides (mmol/L)	1.93±1.06
Cholesterol (mmol/L)	5.23±1.14
HDL (mmol/L)	1.20±0.37
LDL (mmol/L)	3.13±0.90
Cholesterol/HDL (units)	4.71±1.73
LDL/HDL (units)	2.82±1.20
Metabolic syndrome-related variables
SBP (mmHg)	142.6±22.66
DBP (mmHg)	85.23±9.32
Number of metabolic	3.54±1.10
syndrome risk factors
Metabolic syndrome (%)	89.3
Appetite sensation marker
Haber score (units)	−0.88±6.90

Note:

a Limbs = arms and legs.

Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; BMI, body mass index; FMI, fat mass index (fat mass [kg]/height² [m²]); FFMI, free fat mass index (free fat mass [kg]/height² [m²]); Af, android fat; Gf, gynoid fat; Tf, trunk fat; Lf, legs fat; Lif, limbs fat; RSMM, relative skeletal muscle mass; ADAG, A1c-derived average glucose; HbA_1c, glycosylated hemoglobin A_1c; HOMA, homeostasis model assessment; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure.

Table 2 Linear mixed models

Variables	Mean changes from baseline (t1–t0	P-value	95% CI
Body composition and muscle markers
Body weight (kg)	−2.45	0.026	−4.58; −0.31
BMI (kg/m^2)	−0.86	0.024	−1.60; −0.12
Waist circumference (cm)	−6.86	<0.001	−9.45; −4.27
Total tissue (kg)	−2.40	0.028	−4.51; −0.28
Fat mass (kg)	−2.01	0.015	−3.60; −0.43
Free fat mass (kg)	−0.39	0.403	−1.32; 0.55
Fat mass (%) on total tissue	−1.45	0.009	−2.51; −0.39
FMI (kg/m^2)	−0.71	0.014	−1.27; −0.15
FFMI (kg/m^2)	−0.13	0.407	−0.46; 0.19
Af (%)	−1.72	0.022	−3.17; −0.26
Gf (%)	−1.27	0.070	−2.66; 0.11
Af/Gf ratio (units)	−0.01	0.701	−0.05; 0.03
Tf (%)	−1.52	0.016	−2.74; −0.31
Lf (%)	−0.73	0.136	−1.69; 0.24
Arms fat (%)	−1.96	0.007	−3.33; −0.59
Lifa (%)	−1.10	0.185	−2.77; 0.56
Tf/Lf ratio (units)	−0.03	0.140	−0.06; 0.01
Tf/Lif ratio (units)	−0.02	0.571	−0.08; 0.04
RSMM (kg/m^2)	0.07	0.570	−0.18; 0.31
Serum creatinine (mg/dL)	−0.03	0.458	−0.10; 0.05
Glucose control variables
Blood glucose level (mmol/L)	−2.92	<0.001	−4.19; −1.66
ADAG (mmol/L)	−2.23	<0.001	−3.15; −1.31
HbA1c (%)	−1.40	<0.001	−1.98; −0.82
Insulin (mUI/L)	0.51	0.916	−8.97; 9.98
HOMA (units)b	−0.43	0.031	−0.81; −0.06
C-peptide (ng/mL)b	0.12	0.630	−0.37; 0.61
Lipid profile
Triglyceridesb (mmol/L)	−0.26	0.069	−0.53; 0.02
Cholesterol (mmol/L)	−0.60	0.075	−1.28; 0.07
HDL (mmol/L)	0.07	0.314	−0.08; 0.21
LDL (mmol/L)	−0.23	0.391	−0.79; 0.33
Cholesterol/HDL (units)b	−0.20	0.020	−0.37; −0.04
LDL/HDL (units)b	−0.20	0.072	−0.42; 0.02
MetS-related variables
SBP (mmHg)	−8.14	0.081	−17.40; 1.12
DBP (mmHg)	−4.20	0.150	−10.04; 1.65
Number of MetS risk factors	−0.69	0.012	−1.20; −0.17
Metabolic syndrome (%)	c	c	c
Appetite sensation marker
Haber score (units)	3.82	0.009	1.09; 6.56

Notes: The statistically significant evidences (P<0.05) are in bold.

a Limbs = arms and legs.

b Log-transformed variables.

c Poor stratum frequencies: the generalized LMM did not converge.

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; BMI, body mass index; FMI, fat mass index (fat mass [kg]/height² [m²]); FFMI, free fat mass index (free fat mass [kg]/height² [m²]); Af, android fat; Gf, gynoid fat; Tf, trunk fat; Lf, legs fat; Lif, limbs fat; RSMM, relative skeletal muscle mass; ADAG, A1c-derived average glucose; HbA_1c, glycosylated hemoglobin A_1c; HOMA, homeostasis model assessment; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; MetS, metabolic syndrome.

FrühbeckGOverview of adipose tissue and its role in obesity and metabolic disordersMethods Mol Biol200845612218516549

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