Preferences of color and lip position for facial attractiveness by laypersons and orthodontists

Figures & data

Table 1 Values for hard tissue analysis

Measurements	Normal	Standard deviation	Boy	Girl
SNA°	83.13	3.6	82.1	81.5
SNB°	79.65	3.2	79.8	80.4
ANB°	3.48	1.69	2.3	1.1
SN-MP°	32.85	4.21	33.65	34.42
Y-axis°	63.54	3.23	65.43	63.32
S-Go/N-Me	65.86	3.83	66.21	65.87
ANS-Me/N-Me	53.32	1.84	54.65	53.21
U1-L1°	126.96	8.54	126.50	125.3
U1-SN°	75.38	6.02	76.2	75.2
Ul-NA, mm	4.05	2.32	4.03	3.80
Ul-NA°	21.49	5.92	22.30	21.50
Ll-NB, mm	5.69	2.05	6.10	5.50
Ll-NB°	28.07	5.58	27.6	28.1
L1-MP°	96.3	5.8	96.1	96.0

Abbreviations: SNA°, sella–nasion to A point angle; SNB°, sella–nasion to B point angle; ANB°, A point–nasion to B point angle; SN-MP°, sella–nasion to mandibular plane angle; Y Axis°, sella gnathion to frankfurt horizontal plane; S, sella turcica; Go, gonion; N, nasion; Me, menton; ANS, anterior nasal spine; U1-L1°, upper incisor to lower incisor angle; U1-SN°, angle between upper incisor and sella–nasion line; U1-NA, distance from upper incisor to NA line; U1-NA°, angle between upper incisor to NA line; L1-NB, distance from lower incisor to NB line; L1-NB°, angle between lower incisor to NB line; L1-MP°, angle between lower incisor and mandibular plane.

Table 2 Values for soft tissue analysis

Measurements	Normal	Standard deviation	Boy	Girl
UL-EP, mm	−1.4	1.87	−0.04	−0.45
LL-EP, mm	0.6	1.87	+0.25	−0.03
Z-angle	67.3	6.38	67.6	68.2
Facial angle	7.3	4.4	7.1	7.9
Nasolabial angle	103.5	6.8	104.5	103.2

Abbreviations: UL-EP, distance from upper lip to E line; LL-EP, distance from lower lip to E line.

Table 3 Description of the evaluators

Variables	N	%
Sex
Male	90	36
Female	160	64
Age group
16–24 years	150	60.0
25–35 years	65	26
36–50 years	35	14
Education degree
Middle school	82	32.8
Undergraduate	114	45.6
Postgraduate	37	14.8
Doctor	17	6.8
Clinic role
Middle student	43	17.2
Undergraduate	107	42.8
Orthodontic doctor	50	20
Parents	50	20

Figure 1 Models of silhouette (F11), black and white photograph (F12), and chromophotograph (F13) of the same boy.

Figure 2 Models of silhouette (F21), black and white photograph (F22), and chromophotograph (F23) of the same girl.

Table 4 Evaluation scores according to the profiles of the boy and girl

Images	Silhouette	Black and white photograph	Chromophotograph	P-value
	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD
Boy	3.34±2.12	2.86±1.91	5.47±1.53	<0.001
Girl	4.45±2.11	3.12±2.21	5.93±1.93	<0.001

Abbreviation: SD, standard deviation.

Figure 3 Models of chromophotograph of the boy with different lip positions (F31–F37).

Figure 4 Models of chromophotograph of the girl with different lip positions (F41–F47).

Figure 5 Evaluation scores according to the distance to E line (mm).

Table 5 Values of the distance to the line E (mm) of the most attractive images, F32 and F45

Measurements	Normal mean	Standard deviation	Before		After
			Boy	Girl	F31	F32	F42	F43
UL-EP, mm	−1.4	1.87	−0.04	−0.45	−0.64	−0.44	−0.85	−0.65
LL-EP, mm	0.6	1.87	+0.25	−0.03	−0.35	−0.15	−0.43	−0.23

Abbreviations: UL-EP, distance from upper lip to E line; LL-EP, distance from lower lip to E line.