Effectiveness of the behavior change intervention to improve harm reduction self-efficacy among people who inject drugs in Thailand

Figures & data

Figure 1 Study enrollment and retention by the study group.

Abbreviation: PWID, people who inject drugs.

Table 1 Demographic characteristics of study participants by the study group

Characteristics	Control group (n=28)	Intervention group (n=35)	P-value
Sex			0.543
Male	24 (86%)	29 (83%)
Female	4 (14%)	6 (17%)
Age (years)			0.220
≤39	17 (61%)	18 (51%)
>39	11 (39%)	17 (49%)
Education			1.000
Secondary school and lower	20 (71%)	25 (71%)
Higher than secondary school	8 (29%)	10 (29%)
Marital status			0.206
Married	9 (32%)	14 (40%)
Single/divorced/separated/widowed	19 (68%)	21 (60%)
Period of injecting drugs (years)			0.573
<20	11 (39%)	15 (43%)
≥20	17 (61%)	20 (57%)

Table 2 Pre- and post-intervention effects on harm reduction self-efficacy among PWID

HRSEQ score	Control group (n=28)		Pre/post P-valuea	Intervention group (n=35)		Pre/post P-valuea	Control vs intervention P-valueb
	Baseline, mean (SD)	3-month, mean (SD)		Baseline, mean (SD)	3-month, mean (SD)
HRSEQ – withdrawal	5.54 (1.55)	5.38 (1.34)	0.426	5.57 (1.47)	5.99 (1.48)	0.074	0.067
HRSEQ – negative emotions	5.76 (1.59)	5.74 (1.37)	0.893	5.83 (1.72)	6.32 (1.39)	0.016	0.048
HRSEQ – social pressure	5.76 (1.52)	6.02 (1.52)	0.269	6.09 (1.74)	6.72 (1.40)	0.012	0.827

Notes:

a Pre/post P-value derived from paired t-test.

b Control vs intervention P-value derived from independent t-test.

Abbreviations: HRSEQ, Harm Reduction Self-Efficacy Questionnaire; PWID, people who inject drugs; SD, standard deviation.