Association of social support with gratitude and sense of coherence in Japanese young women: a cross-sectional study

Figures & data

Table 1 Participant characteristics

	Mean	SD	Minimum	Maximum
Gratitude	29.1	3.4	18	35
SOC	47.0	9.2	20	72
SC-FM-EM*	25.6	5.0	6	30
SC-FM-IS†	28.3	2.4	13	30
SC-FR-EM‡	26.5	3.4	12	30
SC-FR-IS║	21.4	4.0	8	30
SC-AQ-EM‡,§	15.5	5.6	6	30
SC-AQ-IS║,¶	12.4	4.6	6	28

Notes:

* Significantly different among SC-FM-EM, SC-FR-EM, and SC-AQ-EM (p < 0.05, one-way analysis of variance).

† Significantly different among SC-FM-IS, SC-FR-IS, and SC-AQ-IS (p < 0.05, one-way analysis of variance).

‡ Significantly different from SC-FM-EM (p < 0.05, Bonferroni test for post hoc test).

§ Significantly different from SC-FR-EM (p < 0.05, Bonferroni test for post hoc test).

║ Significantly different from SC-FM-IS (p < 0.05, Bonferroni test for post hoc test).

¶ Significantly different from SC-FR-IS (p < 0.05, Bonferroni test for post hoc test).

Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; SOC, sense of coherence; SC-FM-EM, emotional social support from family; SC-FM-IS, instrumental social support from family; SC-FR-EM, emotional social support from friends; SC-FR-IS, instrumental social support from friends; SC-AQ-EM, emotional social support from acquaintances; SC-AQ-IS, instrumental social support from acquaintances.

Table 2 Pearson’s correlation coefficients between gratitude, SOC, and social support

	SC-FM-EM	SC-FM-IS	SC-FR-EM	SC-FR-IS	SC-AQ-EM	SC-AQ-IS
Gratitude	0.310*	0.234*	0.251*	0.220*	0.168*	0.053
SOC	0.292*	0.213*	0.030	0.115	0.152*	0.093

Note:

* p < 0.05 (Pearson’s correlation coefficient).

Abbreviations: SOC, sense of coherence; SC-FM-EM, emotional social support from family; SC-FM-IS, instrumental social support from family; SC-FR-EM, emotional social support from friends; SC-FR-IS, instrumental social support from friends; SC-AQ-EM, emotional social support from acquaintances; SC-AQ-IS, instrumental social support from acquaintances.

Table 3 Association between gratitude and social support

	β	p-value
SC-FM-EM	0.193	0.019
SC-FM-IS	0.044	0.586
SC-FR-EM	0.101	0.201
SC-FR-IS	0.137	0.104
SC-AQ-EM	0.220	0.030
SC-AQ-IS	−0.191	0.076

Abbreviations: b, standard coefficient in multiple linear regression analysis; SC-FM-EM, emotional social support from family; SC-FM-IS, instrumental social support from family; SC-FR-EM, emotional social support from friends; SC-FR-IS, instrumental social support from friends; SC-AQ-EM, emotional social support from acquaintances; SC-AQ-IS, instrumental social support from acquaintances.

Table 4 Association between SOC and social support

	β	p-value
SC-FM-EM	0.236	0.005
SC-FM-IS	0.090	0.280
SC-FR-EM	−0.129	0.110
SC-FR-IS	0.087	0.316
SC-AQ-EM	0.124	0.231
SC-AQ-IS	−0.021	0.851

Abbreviations: SOC, sense of coherence; b, standard coefficient in multiple linear regression analysis; SC-FM-EM, emotional social support from family; SC-FM-IS, instrumental social support from family; SC-FR-EM, emotional social support from friends; SC-FR-IS, instrumental social support from friends; SC-AQ-EM, emotional social support from acquaintances; SC-AQ-IS, instrumental social support from acquaintances.