The role of linguistic clues in medical students’ reading comprehension

Figures & data

Table 1 The linguistic clues

Test	Mean	SD
Comprehension	4.15	0.87
Using clues	3.78	1.24

Table 2 The correlation between the comprehension test and the vocabulary clues test

	Comprehension	Using clues
Comprehension: Pearson correlation Sig. (two-tailed)	1	0.886
Using clues: Pearson correlation Sig. (two-tailed)	0.886	1

Note: Vocabulary clues identified.

Table 3 Mean values, SDs, and t-test values of vocabulary clues

Clue	M	SD	t	df	Sig.
a) Word association	3.57	0.98	10.50	59	0.00
b) Word collocation	3.19	1.27	02.60	59	0.00
c) Word morphology	4.12	0.41	50.50	59	0.00
1) Word level	3.75	0.60	23.10	59	0.00
a) Sentence grammar	3.88	0.67	24.40	59	0.00
b) Punctuation	3.82	0.60	27.20	59	0.00
c) Sentence meaning	3.73	0.51	25.72	59	0.00
2) Sentence level	3.81	0.30	51.75	59	0.00

Table 4 Comparison between mean values of sentence-level and word-level clues

Mean difference	t-Test	df	Sig.
0.04	2.95	59	0.00

Table 5 Mean values, SDs, and t-test values for word-level clues

	Clue	M	SD	t-values	df	Sig.
a) Word association	8	3.61	0.85	13.6	59	0.00
	16	3.52	1.50	6.3	59	0.00
	Total	3.57	0.98	10.5	59	0.00
b) Word collocation	10	2.88	1.27	–1.5	59	0.08
	11	3.50	1.50	6.1	59	0.00
	Total	3.19	1.27	2.6	59	0.00
c) Word morphology	4	3.75	0.82	16.7	59	0.00
	13	3.62	0.99	11.6	59	0.00
	12	4.62	0.48	62.2	59	0.00
	9	4.49	0.50	55.4	59	0.00
	Total	4.12	0.41	50.5	59	0.00
1) Word level/total		3.75	0.60	23.1	59	0.00

Table 6 Mean values, SDs, and t-test values for sentence-level clues

	Clue	M	SD	t-Values	df	Sig.
a) Sentence grammar	3	4.13	1.27	16.50	59	0.00
	6	3.50	1.32	07.04	59	0.00
	14	4.00	0.71	26.27	59	0.00
	Total	3.88	0.67	24.40	59	0.00
b) Punctuation	7	3.50	0.50	18.50	59	0.00
	1	4.13	0.93	22.60	59	0.00
	Total	3.82	0.60	27.20	59	0.00
c) Sentence meaning	5	3.50	0.87	10.80	59	0.00
	15	3.90	0.93	17.30	59	0.00
	2	3.80	1.10	12.82	59	0.00
	Total	3.73	0.51	25.72	59	0.00
2) Sentence level		3.81	0.30	51.75	59	0.00