A preliminary validation of the Arabic version of the “Profile of Emotional Competence” questionnaire among Tunisian adolescent athletes and nonathletes: insights and implications for sports psychology

Figures & data

Table 1 Descriptive statistics for each item of the Arabic version of the PEC questionnaire

Item	Skewness	Kurtosis	Scale mean if item deleted	Scale variance if item deleted	Corrected item-total correlation	Squared multiple correlation	Cronbach’s a if item deleted
Item 1	0.163	−1.452	160.414	707.596	0.302	0.359	0.857
Item 2	0.201	−1.610	160.442	693.832	0.436	0.461	0.854
Item 3	0.412	−1.538	160.695	732.762	−0.009	0.394	0.863
Item 4	−0.728	−0.783	159.537	727.052	0.077	0.329	0.861
Item 5	−0.069	−1.540	160.179	692.507	0.478	0.525	0.853
Item 6	−1.512	0.947	159.021	705.718	0.407	0.380	0.855
Item 7	−1.048	−0.206	159.344	709.311	0.321	0.439	0.857
Item 8	−0.322	−1.317	159.930	717.256	0.192	0.344	0.859
Item 9	0.062	−1.553	160.284	693.521	0.460	0.471	0.854
Item 10	−0.502	−1.200	159.832	742.979	−0.127	0.315	0.865
Item 11	−0.518	−0.999	159.758	720.818	0.160	0.308	0.859
Item 12	−0.289	−1.492	159.975	727.080	0.060	0.346	0.861
Item 13	−0.766	−0.848	159.400	710.790	0.308	0.472	0.857
Item 14	−0.245	−1.338	159.975	726.827	0.074	0.324	0.861
Item 15	−0.103	−1.673	160.091	721.569	0.117	0.305	0.861
Item 16	−0.695	−0.944	159.611	711.189	0.272	0.473	0.857
Item 17	−0.210	−1.613	160.018	710.531	0.246	0.402	0.858
Item 18	0.192	−1.584	160.411	687.968	0.513	0.579	0.853
Item 19	−1.067	−0.175	159.375	709.425	0.319	0.328	0.857
Item 20	−0.003	−1.742	160.204	691.001	0.449	0.459	0.854
Item 21	−0.422	−1.414	159.821	716.612	0.183	0.415	0.859
Item 22	−1.084	−0.015	159.337	721.302	0.165	0.290	0.859
Item 23	−0.751	−0.785	159.439	708.923	0.334	0.369	0.856
Item 24	−0.672	−0.944	159.744	721.142	0.144	0.337	0.860
Item 25	0.623	−1.172	160.811	694.992	0.457	0.556	0.854
Item 26	0.052	−1.643	160.274	689.777	0.486	0.541	0.853
Item 27	−0.274	−1.628	159.947	687.057	0.514	0.535	0.853
Item 28	0.053	−1.610	160.319	698.176	0.393	0.474	0.855
Item 29	0.193	−1.399	160.498	698.814	0.417	0.564	0.855
Item 30	−0.610	−0.926	159.740	705.763	0.355	0.433	0.856
Item 31	−0.302	−1.500	159.965	691.034	0.491	0.535	0.853
Item 32	−0.776	−0.873	159.614	696.456	0.457	0.459	0.854
Item 33	−0.688	−0.933	159.607	704.394	0.369	0.414	0.856
Item 34	0.299	−1.292	160.523	699.286	0.420	0.595	0.855
Item 35	−0.385	−1.034	159.804	715.799	0.236	0.354	0.858
Item 36	−0.143	−1.497	160.144	725.807	0.078	0.307	0.861
Item 37	0.479	−1.252	160.681	699.993	0.401	0.420	0.855
Item 38	−0.148	−1.521	160.067	687.161	0.546	0.523	0.852
Item 39	−0.131	−1.524	160.102	729.057	0.039	0.373	0.862
Item 40	0.513	−1.122	160.779	711.391	0.274	0.499	0.857
Item 41	−0.632	−1.048	159.730	715.078	0.216	0.350	0.858
Item 42	−0.198	−1.490	160.035	688.189	0.529	0.535	0.852
Item 43	0.259	−1.482	160.463	701.658	0.366	0.430	0.856
Item 44	0.129	−1.483	160.319	693.690	0.473	0.487	0.854
Item 45	−1.158	−0.003	159.267	703.189	0.413	0.366	0.855
Item 46	0.316	−1.469	160.597	710.002	0.264	0.420	0.858
Item 47	−0.444	−1.349	159.825	697.694	0.423	0.452	0.855
Item 48	−0.531	−0.889	159.670	724.701	0.115	0.316	0.860
Item 49	−0.053	−1.556	160.183	694.171	0.453	0.520	0.854
Item 50	−0.559	−1.171	159.754	715.235	0.210	0.339	0.859

Abbreviation: PEC, Profile of Emotional Competence.

Table 2 Descriptive statistics for each subscale of the Arabic version of the PEC questionnaire

Subscale	Scale mean if item deleted	Scale variance if item deleted	Corrected item-total correlation	Squared multiple correlation	Cronbach’s a if item deleted
Intrapersonal
I intrapersonal	13.349	6.116	0.599	0.413	0.675
C intrapersonal	13.310	6.196	0.608	0.443	0.673
E intrapersonal	13.130	6.018	0.594	0.474	0.676
R intrapersonal	12.924	5.984	0.630	0.401	0.663
U intrapersonal	13.162	7.692	0.195	0.130	0.815
Interpersonal
I interpersonal	12.664	5.426	0.595	0.400	0.574
C interpersonal	13.211	5.556	0.460	0.249	0.630
E interpersonal	13.098	4.937	0.628	0.453	0.548
R interpersonal	13.047	6.751	0.206	0.065	0.731
U interpersonal	12.710	6.185	0.358	0.179	0.673

Abbreviations: C, comprehension; E, expression; I, identification; PEC, Profile of Emotional Competence; R, regulation; U, utilization.

Table 3 ICCs for each subscale

Subscale	ICC	95% CI
I interpersonal	0.9593	0.9486–0.9678
I intrapersonal	0.9713	0.9637–0.9772
C interpersonal	0.9664	0.9576–0.9734
C intrapersonal	0.9745	0.9679–0.9798
E interpersonal	0.9863	0.9827–0.9891
E intrapersonal	0.9773	0.9714–0.9820
R interpersonal	0.9417	0.9264–0.9538
R intrapersonal	0.9823	0.9777–0.9860
U interpersonal	0.9848	0.9808–0.9879
U intrapersonal	0.9637	0.9541–0.9712

Abbreviations: C, comprehension; E, expression; I, identification; ICCs, intra-class correlation coefficients; R, regulation; U, utilization; CI, confidence interval.

Table 4 Factor loadings for each subscale of the Arabic version of the PEC questionnaire

Subscale	Factor
	1	2
I interpersonal		0.769
I intrapersonal	0.711
C interpersonal		0.472
C intrapersonal	0.786
E interpersonal		0.743
E intrapersonal	0.784
U interpersonal		0.515
R intrapersonal	0.591

Abbreviations: C, comprehension; E, expression; I, identification; PEC, Profile of Emotional Competence; R, regulation; U, utilization.

Table 5 Correlation between the different subscales of the Arabic version of the PEC questionnaire

Correlation	I interpersonal	I intrapersonal	C interpersonal	C intrapersonal	E interpersonal	E intrapersonal	R interpersonal	R intrapersonal	U interpersonal
I intrapersonal	0.422***
C interpersonal	0.370***	0.428***
C intrapersonal	0.462***	0.528***	0.489***
E interpersonal	0.596***	0.428***	0.482***	0.548***
E intrapersonal	0.426***	0.579***	0.445***	0.597***	0.487***
R interpersonal	0.225***	0.151*	0.165***	0.199***	0.188***	0.152*
R intrapersonal	0.481***	0.470***	0.240***	0.498***	0.438***	0.475***	0.245***
U interpersonal	0.369***	0.294***	0.239***	0.221***	0.372***	0.264***	0.033	0.358***
U intrapersonal	0.132*	0.132*	–0.078	0.104	0.135*	0.053	0.222***	0.337***	0.130*

Notes:

* Statistically significant with P-value <0.05.

*** Statistically significant with P-value <0.001.

Abbreviations: C, comprehension; E, expression; I, identification; PEC, Profile of Emotional Competence; R, regulation; U, utilization.

Table 6 Mean ± SD of the PEC subscales and factors for male and female participants

Subscale	Male	Female	Statistical significance (P-value)
I interpersonal	3.48±0.81	3.60±0.85	0.235
I intrapersonal	3.16±0.85	3.09±0.87	0.529
C interpersonal	3.05±0.90	2.91±0.98	0.222
C intrapersonal	3.10±0.78	3.25±0.91	0.131
E interpersonal	3.12±0.88	3.08±1.00	0.742
E intrapersonal	3.31±0.86	3.38±0.97	0.493
R interpersonal	3.18±0.81	3.11±0.90	0.509
R intrapersonal	3.51±0.83	3.57±0.94	0.594
U interpersonal	3.48±0.84	3.46±0.86	0.862
U intrapersonal	3.38±0.77	3.20±1.03	0.109
Interpersonal	16.31±2.73	16.17±3.18	0.689
Intrapersonal	16.46±2.84	16.50±3.43	0.902
Global	32.77±5.05	32.67±6.05	0.886

Abbreviations: C, comprehension; E, expression; I, identification; PEC, Profile of Emotional Competence; R, regulation; U, utilization.

Table 7 Multivariate regression analysis for each variable

Source	Dependent variable	F	Significance	Partial eta squared
Intercept	I interpersonal	5606.344	0.000	0.953
	I intrapersonal	3869.809	0.000	0.933
	C interpersonal	3032.549	0.000	0.916
	C intrapersonal	3979.523	0.000	0.935
	E interpersonal	3283.752	0.000	0.922
	E intrapersonal	4389.073	0.000	0.941
	R interpersonal	3350.299	0.000	0.924
	R intrapersonal	4832.077	0.000	0.946
	U interpersonal	4912.829	0.000	0.947
	U intrapersonal	3649.237	0.000	0.929
Age	I interpersonal	60.119	0.000	0.178
	I intrapersonal	14.180	0.000	0.049
	C interpersonal	35.897	0.000	0.115
	C intrapersonal	22.043	0.000	0.074
	E interpersonal	55.645	0.000	0.167
	E intrapersonal	41.677	0.000	0.131
	R interpersonal	0.185	0.667	0.001
	R intrapersonal	25.961	0.000	0.086
	U interpersonal	27.985	0.000	0.092
	U intrapersonal	5.128	0.024	0.018
Athlete	I interpersonal	5.304	0.022	0.019
	I intrapersonal	38.792	0.000	0.123
	C interpersonal	5.473	0.020	0.019
	C intrapersonal	6.610	0.011	0.023
	E interpersonal	9.695	0.002	0.034
	E intrapersonal	36.304	0.000	0.116
	R interpersonal	0.397	0.529	0.001
	R intrapersonal	26.297	0.000	0.087
	U interpersonal	14.708	0.000	0.050
	U intrapersonal	0.960	0.328	0.003
Gender	I interpersonal	1.043	0.308	0.004
	I intrapersonal	0.705	0.402	0.003
	C interpersonal	1.879	0.172	0.007
	C intrapersonal	2.245	0.135	0.008
	E interpersonal	0.002	0.966	0.000
	E intrapersonal	0.000	0.995	0.000
	R interpersonal	0.096	0.756	0.000
	R intrapersonal	0.019	0.891	0.000
	U interpersonal	2.612	0.107	0.009
	U intrapersonal	3.365	0.068	0.012
Age × athlete	I interpersonal	8.697	0.003	0.030
	I intrapersonal	6.645	0.010	0.023
	C interpersonal	0.134	0.715	0.000
	C intrapersonal	3.932	0.048	0.014
	E interpersonal	1.302	0.255	0.005
	E intrapersonal	2.062	0.152	0.007
	R interpersonal	0.040	0.841	0.000
	R intrapersonal	10.904	0.001	0.038
	U interpersonal	12.107	0.001	0.042
	U intrapersonal	12.204	0.001	0.042
Age × gender	I interpersonal	1.726	0.190	0.006
	I intrapersonal	3.018	0.083	0.011
	C interpersonal	20.699	0.000	0.070
	C intrapersonal	6.557	0.011	0.023
	E interpersonal	0.844	0.359	0.003
	E intrapersonal	16.570	0.000	0.056
	R interpersonal	0.478	0.490	0.002
	R intrapersonal	0.179	0.672	0.001
	U interpersonal	0.000	0.988	0.000
	U intrapersonal	4.000	0.046	0.014
Athlete × gender	I interpersonal	10.036	0.002	0.035
	I intrapersonal	16.356	0.000	0.056
	C interpersonal	19.525	0.000	0.066
	C intrapersonal	20.091	0.000	0.068
	E interpersonal	16.896	0.000	0.057
	E intrapersonal	11.779	0.001	0.041
	R interpersonal	3.670	0.056	0.013
	R intrapersonal	0.185	0.668	0.001
	U interpersonal	0.011	0.917	0.000
	U intrapersonal	0.004	0.947	0.000
Age × athlete × gender	I interpersonal	2.773	0.097	0.010
	I intrapersonal	2.739	0.099	0.010
	C interpersonal	1.358	0.245	0.005
	C intrapersonal	2.715	0.101	0.010
	E interpersonal	1.413	0.236	0.005
	E intrapersonal	4.943	0.027	0.018
	R interpersonal	0.011	0.915	0.000
	R intrapersonal	1.077	0.300	0.004
	U interpersonal	3.664	0.057	0.013
	U intrapersonal	3.447	0.064	0.012

Abbreviations: C, comprehension; E, expression; I, identification; R, regulation; U, utilization.

Table 8 Predictors for each subscale

Subscale	Parameter	B	SD	T	Significance	95% CI		Partial eta squared	Observed power
						Lower bound	Upper bound
I interpersonal	Intercept	3.119	0.139	22.512	0.000	2.846	3.391	0.647	1.000
	12–15 years	0.474	0.196	2.420	0.016	0.088	0.860	0.021	0.674
	Nonathlete vs athlete	−0.039	0.179	−0.215	0.830	−0.391	0.314	0.000	0.055
	Female vs male	0.417	0.200	2.090	0.038	0.024	0.811	0.016	0.549
	12–15 years × nonathlete	0.236	0.245	0.965	0.335	−0.245	0.718	0.003	0.161
	12–15 years × female	−0.065	0.287	−0.225	0.822	−0.631	0.501	0.000	0.056
	Nonathlete × female	−0.889	0.275	−3.237	0.001	−1.429	−0.348	0.036	0.897
	12–15 years × nonathlete × female	0.612	0.368	1.665	0.097	−0.112	1.336	0.010	0.382
I intrapersonal	Intercept	3.222	0.151	21.281	0.000	2.924	3.520	0.620	1.000
	12–15 years	0.111	0.214	0.519	0.604	−0.310	0.533	0.001	0.081
	Nonathlete vs athlete	−0.312	0.196	−1.593	0.112	−0.698	0.074	0.009	0.355
	Female vs male	0.314	0.218	1.437	0.152	−0.116	0.744	0.007	0.299
	12–15 years × nonathlete	0.185	0.267	0.694	0.488	−0.341	0.712	0.002	0.106
	12–15 years × female	0.017	0.314	0.053	0.958	−0.602	0.635	0.000	0.050
	Nonathlete × female	−1.146	0.300	−3.817	0.000	−1.736	−0.555	0.050	0.967
	12–15 years × nonathlete × female	0.665	0.402	1.655	0.099	−0.126	1.457	0.010	0.378
C interpersonal	Intercept	2.756	0.159	17.297	0.000	2.442	3.069	0.519	1.000
	12–15 years	0.237	0.225	1.052	0.294	−0.206	0.681	0.004	0.182
	Nonathlete vs athlete	0.304	0.206	1.477	0.141	−0.101	0.710	0.008	0.313
	Female vs male	−0.036	0.230	−0.155	0.877	−0.488	0.417	0.000	0.053
	12–15 years × nonathlete	−0.169	0.281	−0.601	0.548	−0.723	0.385	0.001	0.092
	12–15 years × female	0.716	0.331	2.165	0.031	0.065	1.367	0.017	0.578
	Nonathlete × female	−1.181	0.316	−3.740	0.000	−1.803	−0.559	0.048	0.961
	12–15 years × nonathlete × female	0.493	0.423	1.165	0.245	−0.340	1.326	0.005	0.213
C intrapersonal	Intercept	2.859	0.149	19.207	0.000	2.566	3.152	0.571	1.000
	12–15 years	0.178	0.211	0.844	0.399	−0.237	0.592	0.003	0.134
	Nonathlete vs athlete	0.156	0.193	0.808	0.420	−0.224	0.535	0.002	0.127
	Female vs male	0.501	0.215	2.332	0.020	0.078	0.923	0.019	0.642
	12–15 years × nonathlete	0.066	0.263	0.252	0.801	−0.451	0.584	0.000	0.057
	12–15 years × female	0.180	0.309	0.584	0.560	−0.428	0.789	0.001	0.090
	Nonathlete × female	−1.211	0.295	−4.105	0.000	−1.792	−0.631	0.057	0.983
	12–15 years × nonathlete × female	0.651	0.395	1.648	0.101	−0.127	1.429	0.010	0.375
E interpersonal	Intercept	2.630	0.159	16.515	0.000	2.316	2.943	0.496	1.000
	12–15 years	0.696	0.225	3.092	0.002	0.253	1.140	0.033	0.869
	Nonathlete vs athlete	0.110	0.206	0.536	0.593	−0.295	0.516	0.001	0.083
	Female vs male	0.458	0.230	1.996	0.047	0.006	0.910	0.014	0.512
	12–15 years × nonathlete	−0.010	0.281	−0.036	0.971	−0.564	0.543	0.000	0.050
	12–15 years × female	−0.057	0.330	−0.173	0.863	−0.708	0.594	0.000	0.053
	Nonathlete × female	−1.120	0.316	−3.549	0.000	−1.741	−0.499	0.043	0.943
	12–15 years × nonathlete × female	0.503	0.423	1.189	0.236	−0.330	1.335	0.005	0.220
E intrapersonal	Intercept	3.296	0.151	21.792	0.000	2.999	3.594	0.632	1.000
	12–15 years	0.319	0.214	1.489	0.138	−0.103	0.740	0.008	0.317
	Nonathlete vs athlete	−0.181	0.196	−0.926	0.355	−0.567	0.204	0.003	0.152
	Female vs male	0.160	0.218	0.732	0.465	−0.270	0.589	0.002	0.113
	12–15 years × nonathlete	−0.158	0.267	−0.592	0.554	−0.684	0.368	0.001	0.091
	12–15 years × female	0.371	0.314	1.182	0.238	−0.247	0.989	0.005	0.218
	Nonathlete × female	−1.136	0.300	−3.788	0.000	−1.726	−0.545	0.049	0.965
	12–15 years × nonathlete × female	0.893	0.402	2.223	0.027	0.102	1.683	0.018	0.601
R interpersonal	Intercept	3.030	0.163	18.602	0.000	2.709	3.350	0.555	1.000
	12–15 years	−0.111	0.230	−0.482	0.630	−0.565	0.342	0.001	0.077
	Nonathlete vs athlete	0.285	0.211	1.354	0.177	−0.130	0.700	0.007	0.271
	Female vs male	0.154	0.235	0.657	0.512	−0.308	0.617	0.002	0.100
	12–15 years × nonathlete	−0.020	0.288	−0.071	0.944	−0.586	0.546	0.000	0.051
	12–15 years × female	0.173	0.338	0.511	0.610	−0.493	0.838	0.001	0.080
	Nonathlete × female	−0.391	0.323	−1.212	0.227	−1.027	0.244	0.005	0.227
	12–15 years × nonathlete × female	−0.046	0.432	−0.107	0.915	−0.897	0.805	0.000	0.051
R intrapersonal	Intercept	3.652	0.153	23.875	0.000	3.351	3.953	0.673	1.000
	12–15 years	0.244	0.216	1.130	0.259	−0.181	0.670	0.005	0.203
	Nonathlete vs athlete	−0.707	0.198	−3.571	0.000	−1.097	−0.317	0.044	0.945
	Female vs male	0.092	0.221	0.418	0.676	−0.342	0.526	0.001	0.070
	12–15 years × nonathlete	0.460	0.270	1.702	0.090	−0.072	0.991	0.010	0.396
	12–15 years × female	−0.125	0.317	−0.393	0.695	−0.750	0.500	0.001	0.068
	Nonathlete × female	−0.298	0.303	−0.983	0.326	−0.895	0.299	0.003	0.165
	12–15 years × nonathlete × female	0.421	0.406	1.038	0.300	−0.378	1.221	0.004	0.179
U interpersonal	Intercept	3.519	0.147	23.874	0.000	3.228	3.809	0.673	1.000
	12–15 years	0.363	0.208	1.741	0.083	−0.047	0.773	0.011	0.411
	Nonathlete vs athlete	−0.539	0.191	−2.823	0.005	−0.914	−0.163	0.028	0.803
	Female vs male	0.017	0.213	0.082	0.935	−0.401	0.436	0.000	0.051
	12–15 years × nonathlete	0.306	0.260	1.177	0.240	−0.206	0.818	0.005	0.216
	12–15 years × female	−0.372	0.306	−1.215	0.225	−0.974	0.230	0.005	0.228
	Nonathlete × female	−0.354	0.292	−1.212	0.227	−0.929	0.221	0.005	0.227
	12–15 years × nonathlete × female	0.749	0.391	1.914	0.057	−0.021	1.519	0.013	0.479
U intrapersonal	Intercept	3.548	0.164	21.591	0.000	3.225	3.872	0.627	1.000
	12–15 years	−0.207	0.232	−0.892	0.373	−0.665	0.250	0.003	0.144
	Nonathlete vs athlete	−0.278	0.213	−1.308	0.192	−0.697	0.141	0.006	0.256
	Female vs male	0.228	0.237	0.961	0.337	−0.239	0.694	0.003	0.160
	12–15 years × nonathlete	0.357	0.290	1.231	0.220	−0.214	0.928	0.005	0.232
	12–15 years × female	−0.841	0.341	−2.467	0.014	−1.513	−0.170	0.021	0.691
	Nonathlete × female	−0.420	0.326	−1.288	0.199	−1.061	0.222	0.006	0.250
	12–15 years × nonathlete × female	0.810	0.436	1.857	0.064	−0.049	1.669	0.012	0.456

Abbreviations: C, comprehension; E, expression; I, identification; R, regulation; U, utilization.