Metacognitive Reflection and Insight Therapy: A Recovery-Oriented Treatment Approach for Psychosis

Figures & data

Table 1 Meta-Synthesis of 16 Case Reports

First Author	Date	Age/Gender	Dx	Primary Clinical Presentation	Treatment Length (Months)	Initial MAS-A					Final MAS-A					Total percent improved
						S	O	D	M	T	S	O	D	M	T
Arnon Ribenfeld	2018	50s/m	SSD	Demoralization	9	5	2	1	2	10	6	5	1	6	18	1.8
		50s/f	SSD	Disorganization	9	4	3	1	1.5	9.5	5	5	1	6	17	1.8
Buck	2016	60s/m	SSD	Paranoia	60	3.5	2	0	1	6.5	9	5	2	7	23	3.5
Buck	2018	50s/m	BPD	Emotional Dysregulation	168	3.5	4	0	1	8.5	9	7	3	9	27	3.1
van Donkersgoed	2016	20s/f	FEP	Negative Symptoms	8	3	2.5	1	4	10.5	6.5	2.5	2	6	17	1.6
George	2018	30s/m	SSD	Negative Symptoms	16	2	2	0.5	1.5	7	6	3.5	2	4	15.5	2.6
Hamm	2015	50s/f	SSD	Disorganization	24	3	1	0	3	7	5	3	0	4	12	1.7
Hamm	2016	50s/m	SSD	Negative Symptoms	18	2	2	0	1	5	4	3	0	3	10	2.0
Hasson-Ohayon	2017	20s/f	FEP	Depression	9	5	4	1	1	11	5	4	2	6	18	1.6
Hillis	2015	20s/m	FEP	Positive Symptoms	18	2	1	0	0	3	6	4	1	6	17	2.8
Hillis	2018	40s/m	SSD	Trauma	7	2	1	0	1	4	5	3	0	3	11	2.2
James	2018	40s/m	SSD	Substance Abuse	36	2	2	0	1	5	6	4	0	2	12	2.4
de Jong	2016	50s/m	SSD	Disorganization	4	3	1	0	1	5	5	3	0	2	8	1.6
Leonhardt	2016	20s/m	FEP	Positive Symptoms	6	3	2	0.5	1	6.5	5	3	1	3	12	1.8
Leonhardt	2018	20s/m	FEP	Negative Symptoms	18	3	3	0	1.5	5.5	6	5	1.5	5	17.5	2.9
Vohs	2016	40s/f	BPD	Emotion Dysregulation	14	4	3.5	1.5	1.5	10.5	7	5	1	5.5	18.5	1.8

Notes: BPD, Borderline Personality Disorder; FEP, First episode psychosis; SSD, Prolonged schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder. MAS-A, Metacognitive Assessment Scale-Abbreviated; S, Self-reflectivity; O, Awareness of the other; D, Decentration; M, Mastery; T, Total.