Cross-cultural validation of the Social Media Disorder scale

Figures & data

Table 1 Confirmatory factor analysis of the 9-item SMD scale with different factor structure

Model	χ^2	df	χ^2/df	RMSEA [90% CI]	CFI	TLI	SRMR
1	181.044***	27	6.705	0.080 [0.069–0.091]	0.957	0.943	0.109
2^a	70.974***	25	2.839	0.045 [0.033–0.058]	0.987	0.982	0.072
3	44.085*	26	1.700	0.028 [0.012–0.042]	0.995	0.993	0.059

Notes: ^aIncludes covariance between the error terms for items SMD6 and SMD7, and SMD7 and SMD9. *p<0.05, ***p<0.001.

Abbreviations: RMSEA, root mean square error of approximation; CFI, comparative fit index; TLI, Tucker–Lewis index; SRMR, standardized root mean square residual.

Figure 1 Final standardized model for the 9-item SMD scale (Model 3).

Table 2 Descriptive statistics for the 9-item SMD scale

Item	Criterion	Mean	SD	Skewness	Kurtosis	rit	αiid
SMD1	Preoccupation	0.83	0.371	−1.808	1.272	0.301	0.748
SMD2	Tolerance	0.45	0.498	0.185	−1.970	0.452	0.726
SMD3	Withdrawal	0.57	0.496	−0.266	−1.933	0.452	0.726
SMD4	Persistence	0.53	0.500	−0.104	−1.994	0.513	0.715
SMD5	Displacement	0.55	0.497	−0.216	−1.957	0.473	0.722
SMD6	Problem	0.15	0.360	1.933	1.740	0.412	0.734
SMD7	Deception	0.18	0.385	1.664	0.771	0.451	0.728
SMD8	Escape	0.61	0.489	−0.434	−1.816	0.368	0.741
SMD9	Conflict	0.25	0.433	1.155	−0.668	0.459	0.725

Notes: r_it=corrected item-total correlations; α_iid=Cronbach’s alpha, if item deleted.

Abbreviation: SMD, Social Media Disorder.

Table 3 Correlations between the 9-item SMD and other related scales

Construal-related scales	9-item SMD
12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12)	0.273***
Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (SWEMWBS)	−0.170***
Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS)	−0.150***
Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS)	−0.209***
Personal Wellbeing Index (PWI)	−0.213***
Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (RSE)	−0.278***
Brief Self-Control Scale (BSCS)	−0.417***

Note: ***p<0.001.

Abbreviation: Abbreviation: SMD, Social Media Disorder.