Influences Of Different Dimensions Of Academic Self-Concept On Students’ Cardiac Recovery After Giving A Stressful Presentation

Figures & data

Figure 1 Overview of the procedure.

Figure 2 Changes in HR and SDNN over the three observation periods.

Note: Panel (A) displays changes in heart rate (HR) and panel (B) changes in SDNN during the three observation periods.

Table 1 Means And Standard Deviation Of HR And SDNN

	HR (bpm)		SDNN (ms)
Observation period	M	SD	M	SD
Baseline	73.43	8.44	70.75	25.37
Presentation	118.16	19.01	44.75	25.20
Recovery	94.67	14.53	61.82	26.86
Δ (Recovery - Baseline)	21.23	11.38	−8.93	30.40

Table 2 Descriptive Statistics For The Self-Concept Scales Of SASK

Self-Concept Scales	n	M	SD	α	Min	Max
Criterial	68	5.23	0.69	0.71	3.60	6.80
Social	68	4.61	0.62	0.82	3.50	6.17
Absolute	64	5.24	0.59	0.68	3.80	6.80
Individual	68	5.55	0.69	0.81	3.83	7.00

Table 3 Individual Factors Predicting Cardiac Recovery

	ΔHR			ΔSDNN
Predictor Variables: Self-Concept Scales, Gender, Age	B	SE B	β	B	SE B	β
Criterial	−0.147	3.12	−0.009	−7.653	7.19	−0.176
Social	2.927	2.94	0.158	−13.968	6.57	−0.282*
Absolute	−7.637	3.77	−0.390*	17.674	8.44	0.336*
Individual	3.604	2.21	0.211	−8.588	4.94	−0.187
Gender	3.835	3.84	−0.092	27.698	8.58	0.340**
Age	0.106	0.39	0.046	2.140	0.66	0.343**

Notes: *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01. ΔHR is calculated by subtracting HR during baseline measures from HR during recovery period (see values in Table 1). HR increases due to a stress response; therefore, positive values of ΔHR indicate poorer recovery of HR (less approach towards baseline). ΔSDNN is calculated by subtracting SDNN during baseline measures from SDNN during recovery period. SDNN decreases due to a stress response; therefore, positive values of ΔSDNN indicate more efficient recovery of SDNN (more approach towards baseline).

Table 4 Bivariate Correlations Between SASK Scales Of Academic Self-Concept, Recovery Of HR And SDNN

	2. Social	3. Absolute	4. Individual	5. ΔHR	6. ΔSDNN
1. Criterial	0.598**	0.735**	0.078	−0.172	−0.071
2. Social		0.532**	0.154	−0.015	−0.236
3. Absolute			0.231	−0.246*	0.113
4. Individual				0.145	−0.164
5. ΔHR					−0.354**
6. ΔSDNN					–

Notes: *P ≤ 0.05, **P < 0.01.