The General Population’s View on Where to Seek Treatment for Gambling Disorder – a General Population Survey

Figures & data

Table 1 Advice for Treatment-Seeking, All Respondents (N=2038)

	Problem Gamblers, Lifetime (NODS-CLiP>0), n (%)	Non-Problem Gamblers, Lifetime (NODS-CLiP=0), n (%)	Total, n (%)
Independent peer support association (eg, Gamblers Anonymous)	55 (47)	971 (51)	1,026 (50)
Primary health-care	29 (25)	419 (22)	448 (22)
Occupational health-care	7 (6)	121 (6)	128 (6)
Psychiatry or addiction health-care	19 (16)	355 (18)	374 (18)
Social services	6 (5)	56 (3)	62 (3)

Table 2 Characteristics of Respondents Recommending a Professional Treatment Option vs a Peer Support Group. Chi-Squared Tests and Mann–Whitney Test. (N=2038)

	Advice for Peer Support Organization, % (n), n=1012	Advice for Professional Treatment, % (n), n=1026	p
Age
18–24 yrs	3 (28)	5 (51)	<0.001
25–29 yrs	6 (66)	10 (97)
30–39 yrs	17 (174)	19 (190)
40–49 yrs	23 (236)	22 (224)
50–59 yrs	16 (160)	16 (163)
60+ yrs	35 (362)	28 (287)
Female gender	54 (556)	55 (558)	0.67
Income (per month, approx. in EUR)*
–885	7 (73)	7 (73)	0.82
885–1330	10 (105)	9 (96)
1330–1770	9 (88)	10 (98)
1770–2100	12 (120)	10 (98)
2100–2655	15 (154)	16 (164)
2655–3100	16 (168)	16 (164)
3100–3540	11 (110)	11 (114)
3540–3980	7 (71)	7 (69)
3980–4420	5 (48)	5 (48)
4420–	9 (89)	9 (88)
Subjective indebtedness, ever	7 (68)	7 (74)	0.54
Problem gambling (NODS-CLiP >0)	5 (55)	6 (61)	0.52
Ever felt need to seek for psychological distress	33 (338)	38 (387)	0.01
Physician-prescribed medication or therapy for psychological distress, ever	24 (248)	29 (298)	<0.01
Past-year illicit drug use	3 (28)	3 (28)	0.96
AUDIT-C (median, IQR)	3 (1–4)	3 (1–4)	0.97

Note: *Responses provided in SEK (Swedish kronor), approximated here to the corresponding value in EUR (1 euro = 11.3 SEK).

Table 3 Characteristics of Respondents Recommending a Professional Treatment Option vs a Peer Support Group. Problem Gamblers and Non-problem gamblers, Respectively

	Problem Gamblers (N=116)			Non-Problem Gamblers (N=1922)
	Advice for Peer Support Organization, % (n)	Advice for Professional Treatment, % (n)	p	Advice for Peer Support Organization, % (n)	Advice for Professional Treatment, % (n)	p
Age
18–24 yrs	2 (1)	8 (5)	0.07	3 (27)	5 (46)	<0.001
25–29 yrs	5 (3)	16 (10)		6 (63)	9 (87)
30–39 yrs	22 (12)	21 (13)		17 (162)	19 (177)
40–49 yrs	36 (20)	23 (14)		22 (216)	22 (210)
50–59 yrs	13 (7)	13 (8)		16 (153)	16 (155)
60+ yrs	22 (12)	18 (11)		36 (350)	29 (276)
Female gender	33 (18)	38 (23)	0.58	55 (538)	56 (535)	0.71
Income (per month, approx. in EUR)*
−885	11 (6)	5 (3)	0.26	7 (67)	7 (70)	0.60
885–1330	11 (6)	16 (10)		10 (99)	9 (86)
1330–1770	5 (3)	8 (5)		9 (85)	10 (93)
1770–2100	7 (4)	10 (6)		12 (116)	10 (92)
2100–2655	11 (6)	25 (15)		15 (148)	16 (149)
2655–3100	22 (12)	15 (9)		16 (156)	16 (155)
3100–3540	13 (7)	11 (7)		11 (103)	11 (107)
3540–3980	7 (4)	2 (1)		7 (67)	7 (68)
3980–4420	2 (1)	5 (3)		5 (47)	5 (45)
4420–	11 (6)	3 (2)		9 (83)	9 (86)
Subjective indebtedness, ever	18 (10)	34 (21)	<0.05	6 (58)	6 (53)	0.71
Ever felt need to seek for psychological distress	44 (24)	51 (31)	0.44	32 (314)	37 (356)	0.02
Physician-prescribed medication or therapy for psychological distress, ever	33 (18)	44 (27)	0.20	24 (230)	28 (271)	0.02
Past-year illicit drug use	7 (4)	10 (6)	0.62	2 (24)	2 (22)	0.82
AUDIT-C (median, IQR)	4 (2–6)	4 (1.5–6)	0.95			0.97

Note: *Responses provided in SEK (Swedish kronor), approximated here to the corresponding value in EUR (1 euro = 11.3 SEK).