Comparison of Depression Rate Between the First- and Final-Year Nursing Students in Kermanshah, Iran

Figures & data

Table 1 Demographic Characteristics of First- and Final-Year Nursing Students

Variables		Total Number (%)	First Year Number (%)	Final Year Number (%)	Test Result
Age (year)	18–20	35(34.3)	35(58.3)	0(0)	Z^a= −5.71 P<0.001
	21–23	54(53)	21(35)	33(78.6)
	≥24	13(12.8)	4(6.7)	9(21.4)
Sex	Male	45(44.1)	27(45)	18(42.9)	χ^2= 0.05 P=0.830
	Female	57(55.9)	33(55)	24(57.1)
Marital status	Single	92(90.2)	58(96.7)	34(81)	χ^2 b= 6.89 P<0.001
	Married	10(9.8)	2(3.3)	8(19)
Family income per month(in $)	<300	7(6.9)	6(10)	1(2.4)	Z= −0.38 P=0.698
	300–600	58(56.9)	32(53.3)	26(61.9)
	>600	37(36.3)	22(36.7)	15(35.7)
Residence	Dormitory	68(66.7)	42(70)	26(61.9)	χ^2= 0.73 P=0.393
	With family	34(33.3)	18(30)	16(38.1)
History of mental illness in the family	Yes	9(8.8)	2(3.3)	7(16.7)	χ^2= 5.45 P= 0.031
	No	93(91.2)	58(96.7)	35(83.3)
Interest in the field of study	Yes	70(68.6)	44(73.3)	26(61.9)	χ^2= 1.49 P=0.221
	No	32(31.4)	16(26.7)	16(38.1)

Notes: ^aBased on Mann–Whitney U-test. ^bBased on Chi-square test.

Table 2 Comparing Levels of Depression Between First- and Final-Year Nursing Students

Variables			Level of Depression				Test Result
			Non or Minimal Number (%)	Mild to Moderate Number (%)	Moderate to Severe Number (%)	Severe Number (%)	Median (IQR^C)	Test Statistic
Sex‌	First year	Male	13(48.1)	10(37)	4(14.8)	0(0)	1(1)	Z ^a=−1.38 P= 0.166
		Female	10(30.3)	16(48.5)	5(15.2)	2(6.1)	1(1)
	Final year	Male	13(72.2)	5(27.8)	0(0)	0(0)	0(1)	Z= −1.38 P= 0.168
		Female	13(54.2)	8(33.3)	3(12.5)	0(0)	0(1)
Marital status	First year	Single	22(37.9)	25(43.1)	9(15.5)	2(3.4)	1(0)	Z= −0.55 P= 0.579
		Married	1(50)	1(50)	0(0)	0(0)	0.5(0)
	Final year	Single	21(61.8)	10(29.4)	3(8.8)	0(0)	0(1)	Z= −0.20 P= 0.837
		Married	5(62.5)	3(37.5)	0(0)	0(0)	0(1)
Age (year)	First year	18–20	14(40)	18(51.4)	2(5.7)	1(2.9)	1(1)	χ^2 ^b = 1.90 P= 0.386
		21–23	7(33.3)	7(33.3)	6(28.6)	1(4.8)	1(2)
		≥24	2(50)	1(25)	1(25)	0(0)	0.5(1.25)
	Final year	18–20	–	–	–	–	–	χ^2= 0.23 P= 0.629
		21–23	20(60.6)	10(30.3)	3(9.1)	0(0)	0(1)
		≥24	6(66.7)	3(33.3)	0(0)	0(0)	0(1)
Residence	First year	Dormitory	19(45.2)	15(35.7)	6(14.3)	2(4.8)	1(1)	Z= −1.08 P= 0.277
		With Family	4(22.2)	11(61.1)	3(16.7)	0(0)	1(0.25)
	Final year	Dormitory	16(61.5)	9(34.6)	1(3.8)	0(0)	0(1)	Z= −0.15 P=0.880
		With Family	10(62.5)	4(25)	2(12.5)	0(0)	0(1)
Family income per month(in $)	First year	<300	0(0)	1(16.7)	4(66.7)	1(16.7)	2(0.5)	χ^2= 14.07 P<0.001
		300–600	16(50)	14(43.3)	9(15)	2(3.3)	0.5(1)
		>600	7(31.8)	11(50)	3(13.6)	1(4.5)	1(1)
	Final year	<300	0(0)	1(100)	0(0)	0(0)	1(0)	χ^2=1.23 P= 0.540
		300–600	16(61.5)	9(34.6)	1(3.8)	0(0)	0(1)
		>600	10(66.7)	3(20)	2(13.3)	0(0)	0(1)
Interest in the field of study	First year	Yes	19(43.2)	18(40.9)	7(15.9)	0(0)	1(1)	Z= −1.42 P= 0.154
		No	4(25)	8(50)	2(12.5)	2(12.5)	1(1.5)
	Final year	Yes	15(57.7)	9(34.6)	2(7.7)	0(0)	0(1)	Z= 0.68 P= 0.496
		No	11(68.8)	4(25)	1(6.2)	0(0)	0(1)

Notes: ^aBased on Mann–Whitney U-test. ^bBased on Kruskal–Wallis H-test. ^cInterquartile range.

Table 3 Depression-Related Factors in First- and Final-Year Nursing Students

Variables			OR^a	P-value	95% CI^b for OR
Sex‌	First year	Male	0.57	0.379	0.16–2.00
		Female	1
	Final year	Male	0.41	0.251	0.09–1.89
		Female	1
Marital status	First year	Married	0.86	0.924	0.04–20.34
		Single	1
	Final year	Married	0.85	0.850	0.15–4.80
		Single	1
Age (year)	First year	18–20	1
		21–23	1.15	0.819	0.34–3.86
		≥24	0.91	0.940	0.09–9.50
	Final year	18–20	1
		21–23	0.92	0.927	0.16–5.16
		≥24
Residence	First year	Dormitory	1
		With family	2.63	0.173	0.66–10.63
	Final year	Dormitory	1
		With family	0.70	0.667	0.14–3.50
Family income per month (in $)	First year	<600	1
		≥600	1.01	0.999	0.27–3.66
	Final year	<600	1
≥600		0.79	0.768	0.17–3.72
Interest in the field of study	First year	Yes	0.38	0.159	0.10–1.46
		No	1
	Final year	Yes	1.44	0.602	0.36–5.76
		No	1

Notes: ^aOdds ratio. ^bConfidence interval.