Workplace Friendship is a Blessing in the Exploration of Supervisor Behavioral Integrity, Affective Commitment, and Employee Proactive Behavior – An Empirical Research from Service Industries of Pakistan

Figures & data

Figure 1 Theoretical model.

Table 1 Descriptive Statistics and Correlation Analysis

	Mean	SD	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
Gender	1.459	0.499	–
Age	2.425	1.154	−0.163**	–
Education	2.756	0.897	0.049	−0.155*	–
Tenure	2.530	0.869	−0.023	0.245***	−0.041	–
Income	1.906	1.167	−0.055	0.069	0.028	0.191**	–
SBI	3.690	0.876	−0.245***	0.128*	−0.056	0.134*	0.038	0.740
AC	3.551	0.828	−0.064	0.021	0.054	−0.020	0.101	0.243***	0.645
EPB	3.453	0.965	−0.140*	0.101	0.073	0.010	0.181**	0.315***	0.642***	0.723
WF	3.174	0.920	0.034	−0.100	0.157*	0.118	0.069	−0.038	0.191**	0.196*	0.687

Notes: 1) ***p<0.001, **p<0.01, *p<0.05. 2) The numbers on the diagonal are .

Abbreviations: SBI, supervisor behavioral integrity; WF, workplace friendship; AC, affective commitment; EPB, employee proactive behavior.

Table 2 CFA

Model	Factor	χ^2	df	χ^2/df	RMSEA	NFI	IFI	TLI	CFI
Four-factor model	SBI,WF,AC,EPB	1252.214	371	3.375	0.059	0.977	0.949	0.922	0.946
Three-factor model	SBI+WF,AC,EPB	2106.700	374	5.633	0.132	0.745	0.705	0.845	0.801
Two-factor model	SBI+WF+AC.EPB	2463.191	376	6.551	0.145	0.635	0.604	0.651	0.599
One-factor model	SBI+WF+AC+EPB	2679.401	377	7.107	0.152	0.309	0.342	0.286	0.337

Abbreviations: SBI, supervisor behavioral integrity; WF, workplace friendship; AC, affective commitment; EPB, employee proactive behavior.

Table 3 Main Effect

	Effect	95% LLCI	95%ULCI
Direct Effect of Supervisor Behavioral Integrity on Employee Proactive Behavior	0.185	0.065	0.288
Indirect Effect(s) of Supervisor Behavioral Integrity on Employee Proactive Behavior	0.152	0.076	0.237

Table 4 Moderating Role

	Affective Commitment
	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 4
Control Variable
Gender	−0.097	−0.001	−0.002	0.002
Age	0.017	0.006	0.014	0.023
Education	0.051	0.059	0.046	0.037
Tenure	−0.042	−0.070	−0.083	−0.109
Income	0.073	0.073	0.070	0.073
Independent Variable
Supervisor Behavioral Integrity		0.237***	0.241***	0.227***
Moderating Variable
Workplace Friendship			0.189**	0.097*
Interaction Item
Supervisor Behavioral Integrity * Workplace Friendship				0.079*
F	0.990	3.464**	3.567**	3.586**
R^2	0.019	0.067	0.086	0.100
Adjusted R^2	0.000	0.055	0.061	0.072
ΔR^2	0.019	0.048	0.019	0.014

Notes: ①***p<0.001, **p<0.01, *p<0.05.

Figure 2 Workplace friendship moderating effect.

Table 5 Moderated Mediation

	Effect	95% LLCI	95% ULCI
Low Workplace Friendship	0.101	−0.002	0.206
High Workplace Friendship	0.203	0.114	0.310
Difference	0.102	0.020	0.221