Innovation Onset: A Moderated Mediation Model of High-Involvement Work Practices and Employees' Innovative Work Behavior

Figures & data

Figure 1 Conceptual framework demonstrates the relationship among the variables of the study.

Table 1 Confirmatory Factor Analysis

Construct	Items	Loadings	VIF	Alpha	Rho_A	CR	AVE
HIWPS	HIWP 03	0.741	1.404	0.799	0.801	0.869	0.624
	HIWP 05	0.784	1.695
	HIWP 07	0.827	1.926
	HIWP 10	0.806	1.766
EPI	EPI 01	0.848	3.178	0.890	0.892	0.915	0.606
	EPI 02	0.770	2.105
	EPI 04	0.670	1.551
	EPI 05	0.831	2.971
	EPI 06	0.792	2.060
	EPI 07	0.756	1.839
	EPI 08	0.768	2.000
LH	LH 02	0.750	1.759	0.855	0.854	0.889	0.535
	LH 04	0.765	2.912
	LH 05	0.765	2.993
	LH 06	0.742	1.812
	LH 07	0.708	1.980
	LH 08	0.685	2.029
	LH 09	0.702	1.541
EIWBs	EIWB 03	0.759	1.684	0.821	0.830	0.881	0.651
	EIWB 04	0.836	2.349
	EIWB 05	0.779	1.531
	EIWB 06	0.849	2.063

Abbreviations: HIWPs, high involvement work practices; EPI, employees’ personal initiative; LH, leadership humility; EIWBs, employee innovative work behaviors; CR, composite reliability; AVE, average variance.

Table 2 Discriminant Validity

Variables	Fornell–Larcker Criterion
	EIWBs	EPC	EPI	HIWPs
EIWBs	0.807
LH	0.610	0.778
EPI	0.432	0.549	0.790
HIWPs	0.677	0.726	0.681	0.732
Variables	Heterotrait-Monotrait Ratio (HTMT)
	EIWBs	EPI	HIWPs	LH
EIWBs
EPI	0.697
HIWPs	0.514	0.830
LH	0.790	0.649	0.820
Variables	f Square Values
	EIWBs	EPC	EPI	HIWPs
EIWBs
LH	0.203
EPI	0.318
HIWPs	0.505	0.577	0.345

Abbreviations: HIWPs, high involvement work practices; EPI, employees’ personal initiative; LH, leadership humility; EIWBs, employee innovative work behaviors.

Table 3 Descriptive Statistics, Q² Values and Correlations

Variables		SSO	SSE	Q2 (1-SEE/SSO)	Mean	S.D	1	2	3	4
1	HIWPs	1020.000	776.889	0.238	3.68	0.85466		0.549**	0.678**	0.412**
2	EPI	1785.000	1220.926	0.316	3.76	0.83586			0.724**	0.592**
3	LH	1020.000	1020.000	–	3.83	0.74661				0.657**
4	EIWBs	1785.000	1785.000	–	3.77	0.92724

Note: **p < 0.01.

Abbreviations: HIWPs, high involvement work practices; EPI, employees’ personal initiative; LH, leadership humility; EIWBs, employee innovative work behaviors.

Table 4 Direct, Indirect, Interactive and Moderated Mediation Analysis

Relationship	β	SE	t-Values	p-values	LL/UL
Direct Effects
HIWPs → EIWBs	0.139	0.07	2.849	0.004	0.061/.269
Indirect Effects
HIWPs → EPI → EIWBs	0.294	0.06	5.364	000	0.190/.404
Interactive Effects
HIWPs x LH → EPI	0.074	0.02	3.259	0.001	0.118/.031
Moderated Mediation Effects
HIWPs x LH → EPI → EIWBs	0.073	0.01	3.299	0.001	0.066/.015

Note: Bootstrap sample size = 5000.

Abbreviations: HIWPs, high involvement work practices; EPI, employees’ personal initiative; LH, leadership humility; EIWBs, employee innovative work behaviors.

Figure 2 The interaction effect of Leadership Humility on the relationship between High Involvement Work Practices and Employees Personal Initiative.

Figure 3 The structural equation modelling of moderated mediation.

Note: ***P<0.001.