Coping with Stress During the Second Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic by Polish University Students: Strategies, Structure, and Relation to Psychological Well-Being

Figures & data

Table 1 Brief COPE – Descriptive Statistics

Coping Strategies	M	SD	Rank
Acceptance	2.06	0.701	1
Doing something else	1.76	0.731	2
Active coping	1.68	0.700	3
Physical activity	1.67	0.951	4
Seeking of emotional support	1.70	0.849	5
Positive reframing	1.63	0.816	6
Planning	1.45	0.781	7
Venting	1.36	0.732	8
Seeking of instrumental support	1.31	0.844	9
Humor	1.19	0.752	10
Self-blaming	1.06	0.912	11
Behavioral disengagement	0.82	0.709	12
Turning to religion	0.77	0.914	13
Denial	0.73	0.801	14
Substance use	0.55	0.808	15

Table 2 Correlations Between Coping Domains and Psychological Well-Being (Pearson’s r)

Variables	Maladaptive Coping	Coping by Seeking Support	Coping by Actions	Coping by Positive Reappraisal
Maladaptive coping		0.215*	0.142*	−0.098*
Coping by seeking support			0.361*	0.247*
Coping by actions				0.330*
Psychological well-being	−0.464*	0.005	0.096*	0.310*

Note: * p < 0.001.

Table 3 Predictors of Psychological Well-Being – Stepwise Regression Analysis

Step	Predictor	β	R^2	F; p	ΔR^2	F; p
1.	Maladaptive coping	−0.464	0.215	364.55; <0.001
2.	Maladaptive coping	−0.438	0.285	265.80; <0.001	0.071	131.29; <0.001
	Coping by positive reappraisal	0.267
3.	Maladaptive coping	−0.412	0.325	213.88; <0.001	0.040	78.85; <0.001
	Coping by positive reappraisal	0.254
	Gender (M=1; F=2)	−0.202
4.	Maladaptive coping	−0.427	0.330	164.65; <0.001	0.006	11.75; 0.001
	Coping by positive reappraisal	0.225
	Gender (M=1; F=2)	−0.203
	Coping by actions	0.083