The Effect of Parent Phubbing on Chinese Adolescents’ Smartphone Addiction During COVID-19 Pandemic: Testing a Moderated Mediation Model

Figures & data

Figure 1 Diagram of the hypothesized model.

Table 1 Descriptive Statistics and Correlations Among Variables

	M	SD	1	2	3	4	5	6
1.Age	13.54	1.08	1
2.Gender	0.51	0.09	−0.05	1
3.Parent phubbing	2.51	0.19	−0.06	0.06	1
4.Boredom proneness	3.19	0.21	0.03	−0.03	0.15**	1
5.SA	2.83	0.13	0.12**	−0.09*	0.48**	0.16**	1
6.RSE	3.39	0.29	0.01	0.04	−0.04	0.04	−0.22**	1

Notes: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.

Abbreviations: SA, smartphone addiction; RSE, refusal self-efficacy.

Table 2 Linear Regression Models

Predictors	Model 1 (Boredom proneness)		Model 2 (SA)		Model 3 (SA)		Model 4 (SA)
	β	t	β	t	β	t	β	t
Age	0.01	0.03	0.03	0.08	0.12	3.46***	0.11	3.42***
Gender	−0.07	−1.21	−0.05	−1.15	−0.04	−1.29	−0.05	−1.36
Parent phubbing	0.16	3.97***	0.45	12.95***	0.43	12.46***	0.42	12.58***
Boredom proneness					0.08	2.29*	0.07	2.01*
RSE							−0.23	−6.71***
Parent phubbing ×RSE							−0.07	−2.13*
Boredom proneness × RSE							−0.08	−3.08**
R^2	0.03		0.25		0.26		0.31
F	7.25***		66.28***		51.39***		39.54***

Notes: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.

Abbreviations: SA, smartphone addiction; RSE, refusal self-efficacy.

Figure 2 Interaction graphs. (A) Interaction effect of boredom proneness with refusal self-efficacy. (B) Interaction effect of parent phubbing with refusal self-efficacy.