Virtual Reality Fitness (VRF) for Behavior Management During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Mediation Analysis Approach

Figures & data

Figure 1 Proposed Hypotheses of the Study Conceptual Framework.

Table 1 Background Information of the Study Participants (N-4300)

Variables	Categorization	Frequency/Percentage
Gender	Male	2105 (48.95%)
	Female	2195 (51.04%)
Age	18–19	453 (10.53%)
	20–29	1751 (40.72%)
	30–39	1085 (25.23%)
	40–49	437 (19.0%)
	50–59	370 (8.60%)
	60+	204 (4.74%)
Education	Primary School	203 (4.72%)
	Middle School	414 (9.62%)
	High School	1024 (23.81%)
	Technical and Vocational College Graduate	1139 (26.49%)
	University Graduate	1315 (30.58%)
	Others	205 (4.77%)
Occupation	Self-employed	749 (17.42%)
	Private Companies Employee	1796 (41.77%)
	Government Employee	549 (12.77%)
	Student	851 (19.79%)
	Retired	41 (0.95%)
	No occupation	300 (6.98%)
	Others	14 (0.32%)
Marital Status	Married	2707(62.95%)
	Unmarried(single)	1488(34.60%)
	Others	105(2.44%)

Table 2 Display the Measurement of Research Model with Convergent Validity (N-4300)

Constructs	Items	Loadings	VIF	Cα	SCR	AVE
Behavior and Attitude Management	BAM1	0.904	3.178	0.930	0.950	0.826
	BAM2	0.914	3.451
	BAM3	0.908	3.291
	BAM4	0.911	3.379
Gender	DI1	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000
Age	DI2	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000
Education	DI3	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000
Occupation	DI4	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000
Marital Status	DI5	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000
Fitness and health Apps	FHA1	0.944	5.031	0.937	0.955	0.841
	FHA2	0.911	3.547
	FHA3	0.902	3.201
	FHA4	0.910	3.462
Virtual Reality Fitness	VRF1	0.910	3.377	0.934	0.953	0.836
	VRF2	0.915	3.527
	VRF3	0.916	3.613
	VRF4	0.916	3.519

Table 3 Display Discriminant Validity Analysis (N-4300)

Constructs	Age	BAM	Education	FHA	Gender	Marital Status	Occupation	VRF
Age	1.000
BAM	0.292	0.909
Education	0.257	0.413	1.000
FHA	0.334	0.575	0.443	0.917
Gender	0.376	0.356	0.342	0.356	1.000
Marital Status	0.268	0.345	0.417	0.351	0.409	1.000
Occupation	0.392	0.396	0.510	0.432	0.433	0.630	1.000
VRF	0.337	0.555	0.451	0.410	0.373	0.375	0.451	0.914

Abbreviations: BAM, Behavior and attitude management; FHA, Fitness and health apps; VRF, Virtual reality fitness.

Table 4 Model Fit Summary (N-4300)

Statistical Tests	Estimated Model
SRMR	0.041
d_ULS	0.258
d_G	0.069
Chi-Square	1702.878
NFI	0.969

Abbreviations: SRMR, standardized-root-mean-square-residual; d_ULS, unweighted least squares discrepancy; d_G, geodesic discrepancy; NFI, normed fit index.

Table 5 Final Results for Standard Beta, T-Statistics and P-values (N-4300)

Hypothesis’s	Std. Beta (β)	T-Statistics	P-values	Decision
Age -> VRF	0.137	10.454	0.000	Confirmed
Education -> VRF	0.256	16.824	0.000	Confirmed
Fitness and health Apps -> BAM	0.418	27.827	0.000	Confirmed
Gender -> VRF	0.133	8.913	0.000	Confirmed
Marital Status -> VRF	0.076	4.717	0.000	Confirmed
Occupation -> VRF	0.162	10.532	0.000	Confirmed
Virtual Reality Fitness -> BAM	0.384	26.645	0.000	Confirmed

Abbreviations: VRF, Virtual reality fitness; BAM, Behavior and attitude.

Figure 2 SmartPLS SEM Results.

Figure 3 PLS-bootstrapping T-values.