Lockdown Fatigue and University Students: Exploring the Factors That Play Significant Roles in the Level of Lockdown Fatigue Among University Students in the Era of COVID-19

Figures & data

Table 1 Socio-Demographic Characteristics of Respondents (n=819)

Characteristic		Frequency (%)
Gender	Male	413 (50.4)
	Female	406 (49.6)
Ethnicity	Arab	781 (95.4)
	Kurdish	38 (4.6)
Type of university/college	Public	146 (17.8)
	Private	673 (82.2)
Type of residence	Urban	748 (91.3)
	Rural	71 (8.7)
Study field	STEM (eg Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics)	659 (80.4)
	Non-STEM (eg Humanities, Arts, Literature and Management)	160 (19.6)
	Mean	SD
Age	23.65	6.31
Lockdown fatigue score	3.34	0.67
Personnel resilience score	3.36	0.58
Coping skills score	3.47	0.59

Table 2 Responses of Participants on the Lockdown Fatigue Scale (n=819)

Items*	Never	Ever	Sometimes	Often	Always
I worry a lot about my personal and family’s safety during this pandemic	54 (6.6)	19 (2.3)	246 (30.0)	168 (20.5)	332 (40.5)
I have difficulty concentrating and distracted easily	82 (10.0)	43 (5.3)	357 (43.6)	222 (27.1)	115 (14.0)
I frequently felt weak or tired as a result of this lockdown	65 (7.9)	58 (7.1)	339 (41.4)	217 (26.5)	140 (17.1)
I have been feeling irritable	86 (10.5)	67 (8.2)	309 (37.7)	201 (24.5)	156 (19.0)
I have difficulty falling or staying asleep over thinking about this pandemic	172 (21.0)	106 (12.9)	306 (37.4)	147 (17.9)	88 (10.7)
I have felt sad and depressed as a result of this lockdown	67 (8.2)	65 (7.9)	257 (31.4)	228 (27.8)	202 (24.7)
I have been losing my interests to do the usual things I love	90 (11.0)	71 (8.7)	287 (35.0)	197 (24.1)	174 (21.2)
I have been experiencing a general sense of emptiness	68 (8.3)	67 (8.2)	311 (38.0)	234 (28.6)	139 (17.0)
I have been experiencing headaches and body pains	131 (16.0)	73 (8.9)	304 (37.1)	212 (25.9)	99 (12.1)
I have thoughts that this pandemic will never end soon	91 (11.1)	57 (7.0)	247 (30.2)	242 (29.5)	182 (22.2)

Notes: *Adapted from Labrague LJ, Ballad CA. Lockdown fatigue among college students during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Predictive role of personal resilience, coping behaviors, and health. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2020.¹ © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC

Table 3 Responses of Participants on the Brief Resilience Scale (n=819)

Items*	Strongly Disagree	Disagree	Neutral	Agree	Strongly Agree
I tend to bounce back quickly after hard times	76 (9.3)	130 (15.9)	247 (30.2)	264 (32.2)	102 (12.5)
I have a hard time making it through stressful events	49 (6.0)	98 (12.0)	230 (28.1)	324 (39.6)	118 (14.4)
It does not take me long to recover from a stressful event	46 (5.6)	174 (21.2)	204 (24.9)	292 (35.7)	103 (12.6)
It is hard for me to snap back when something bad happens	54 (6.6)	125 (15.3)	193 (23.6)	320 (39.1)	127 (15.5)
I usually come through difficult times with little trouble	45 (5.5)	111 (13.6)	246 (30.0)	315 (38.5)	102 (12.5)
I tend to take a long time to get over setbacks in my life	67 (8.2)	138 (16.8)	179 (21.9)	272 (33.2)	163 (19.9)

Notes: *Adapted from Smith BW, Dalen J, Wiggins K, Tooley E, Christopher P, Bernard J. The brief resilience scale: assessing the ability to bounce back. Int J Behav Med. 2008;15(3):194–200.¹² Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

Table 4 Participants’ Responses on the Coping Behaviours Questionnaire Skills (n=819)

Items*	Strongly Disagree	Disagree	Neutral	Agree	Strongly Agree
I try to get advice from someone about what to do	59 (7.2)	92 (11.2)	186 (22.7)	337 (41.1)	145 (17.7)
When I have a question about the situation, I search for information	36 (4.4)	77 (9.4)	149 (18.2)	322 (39.3)	235 (28.7)
I use alcohol or drugs to make myself feel better	354 (43.2)	111 (13.6)	127 (15.5)	133 (16.2)	94 (11.5)
I put my trust in God	33 (4.0)	34 (4.2)	83 (10.1)	150 (18.3)	518 (63.2)
I turn to work or other substitute activities to take my mind off things	39 (4.8)	77 (9.4)	224 (27.4)	321 (39.2)	158 (19.3)
I eat more than usual to calm myself down	76 (9.3)	137 (16.7)	195 (23.8)	273 (33.3)	138 (16.8)
I enjoy the jokes about the situation	48 (5.9)	112 (13.7)	229 (28.0)	304 (37.1)	126 (15.4)
I try to get emotional support from friends or relatives	61 (7.4)	84 (10.3)	202 (24.7)	280 (34.2)	192 (23.4)

Notes: *Reproduced from Savitsky B, Findling Y, Ereli A, Hendel T. Anxiety and coping strategies among nursing students during the covid-19 pandemic. Nurse Educ Pract. 2020;46:102809.¹³ Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Table 5 Logistic Regression of Factors Significantly Associated with Lockdown Fatigue

Variables	Variable Coefficient (B)	OR (95% CI)	P-value*
Gender (Ref: female)
Male	−1.18	3.27 (1.47–7.27)	0.0001
Race (Ref: Kurdish)
Arab	1.26	2.8 (1.37–4.52)	0.003
Type of university (Ref: private)
Public	0.89	2.5 (1.01–5.93)	0.0001
Type of residence (Ref: rural)
Urban	1.59	3.95 (1.84–8.73)	0.0001
Study field (Ref: non-STEM)
STEM	0.68	2.13 (1.13–4.15)	0.016
Personnel resilience score mean	−1.63	2.06 (1.12–3.49)	0.0001
Coping skills score mean	−2.69	1.304 (1.192–5.731)	0.0001

Notes: *Statistically significant value (p<0.05). Ref: Reference (constant).

Labrague LJ, Ballad CA, Tsaras K. Lockdown fatigue among college students during the COVID‐19 pandemic: predictive role of personal resilience, coping behaviors, and health. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2020;56(2):308–315. doi:10.1111/ppc.12428

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Smith BW, Dalen J, Wiggins K, Tooley E, Christopher P, Bernard J. The brief resilience scale: assessing the ability to bounce back. Int J Behav Med. 2008;15(3):194–200. doi:10.1080/10705500802222972

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Savitsky B, Findling Y, Ereli A, Hendel T. Anxiety and coping strategies among nursing students during the covid-19 pandemic. Nurse Educ Pract. 2020;46:102809. doi:10.1016/j.nepr.2020.102809

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar