Resilience Among Residents from the Areas First Affected by COVID-19 in South Korea

Figures & data

Table 1 General Characteristics of the Subjects (N=212)

Characteristics	Categories	n (%), M±SD
Gender	Male	77 (36.3)
	Female	135 (63.7)
Age	20–29	138 (65.2)
	30–39	38 (17.9)
	40–49	11 (5.2)
	50–59	16 (7.5)
	60–64	9 (4.2)
	Total	26.79±11.36
Residence	Daegu	158 (74.5)
	Gyeongbuk	54 (25.5)
Education	≤High school	42 (19.8)
	≥College	168 (79.2)
Marital state	Single/divorced/widowed	145 (70.3)
	Married	63 (29.7)
Resident family	No	55 (25.9)
	Yes	157 (74.1)
Job status	No	59 (27.8)
	Yes	153 (72.2)
Economic state	Low	41 (19.3)
	Moderate	157 (74.1)
	High	14 (6.6)
Underline disease	No	188 (88.7)
	Yes	24 (11.3)
COVID-19 patients around me	No	201 (94.8)
	Yes	11 (5.2)
Economic loss from COVID-19	No	123 (58.0)
	Yes	89 (42.0)
Physical damage from COVID-19	No	206 (97.2)
	Yes	6 (2.8)

Abbreviation: COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019.

Table 2 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Perceived Health Status, Family Hardiness, and Resilience (N=212)

Variables	Min	Max	M±SD
Post-traumatic stress disorder	0	3	1.01±0.70
Perceived health status	36	80	57.09±8.08
Family hardiness	1.9	3.75	2.96±0.35
Resilience	0.28	3.96	2.59±0.56

Table 3 Resilience According to General Characteristics (N=212)

Characteristics	Categories	M±SD	t/F (p)
			Scheffe^a,b
Gender	Male	2.54±0.68	0.84 (0.405)
	Female	2.62±0.48
Age	20–29	2.66±0.55	1.99 (0.098)
	30–39	2.49±0.53
	40–49	2.35±0.81
	50–59	2.51±0.50
	60–64	2.33±0.56
Residence	Daegu	2.52±0.56	−3.18 (0.002)
	Gyeongbuk	2.79±0.50
Education	≤High school	2.53±0.58	0.26 (0.772)
	≥College	2.60±0.56
Marital state	Single/divorced/widowed	2.63±0.58	2.19 (0.114)
	Married	2.53±0.51
Resident family	No	2.52±0.68	−1.10 (0.277)
	Yes	2.61±0.51
Job status	No	2.56±0.59	0.18 (0.668)
	Yes	2.60±0.55
Economic state	Low^a	2.30±0.60	8.39 (<.001)
	Moderate^b	2.65±0.53	a<b, c
	High^c	2.82±0.56
Underline disease	No	2.60±0.57	−0.79 (0.430)
	Yes	2.50±0.47
COVID-19 patients around me	No	2.60±0.54	−0.55 (0.583)
	Yes	2.50±0.94
Economic loss from COVID-19	No	2.67±0.49	−2.51 (0.013)
	Yes	2.48±0.63
Physical damage from COVID-19	No	2.58±0.56	1.50 (0.134)
	Yes	2.93±0.46

Abbreviation: COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019.

Table 4 Correlations Between Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Perceived Health Status, Family Hardiness, and Resilience

Variables	Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder	Perceived Health Status	Family Hardiness	Resilience
	r (p)
Post-traumatic stress disorder	1
Perceived health Status	−0.56	1
	(<.001)
Family hardiness	−0.13	0.43	1
	(0.069)	(<.001)
Resilience	−0.14	0.32	0.56	1
	(0.043)	(0.014)	(<.001)

Table 5 Factors Affecting Resilience (N=212)

Variables	B	SE	β	t	p
Content	−0.03	0.34		0.09	0.932
Gyeongbuk (ref. Daegu)	0.20	0.08	0.15	2.61	0.010
Economic state (ref. low)
Moderate	0.22	0.09	0.17	2.51	0.013
High	0.33	0.15	0.15	2.20	0.029
Economic losses from COVID-19 (ref. no)
Yes	−0.12	0.07	−0.10	−1.76	0.082
Post-traumatic stress disorder	−0.03	0.06	−0.04	−0.52	0.605
Perceived health status	0.04	0.10	0.03	0.42	0.675
Family hardiness	0.77	0.11	0.48	7.59	<0.001
F=15.68 (p<0.001), R^2=0.38, adj. R^2=0.36

Abbreviation: COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019.