Evaluation of the Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms in Patients with Vitiligo in China

Figures & data

Table 1 Demographic Data of Patients with Vitiligo

Clinical Data		N (%)
Gender	Male	49 (41.9)
	Female	68 (58.1)
Age (year)	18–25	35 (29.9)
	25–40	44 (37.6)
	40–60	34 (29.1)
	>60	4 (3.4)
Marital status	Unmarried	49 (41.9)
	Married	68 (58.1)
Educational attainment	Junior middle school	9 (7.7)
	Junior high school	44 (37.6)
	Junior college and Bachelor	54 (46.2)
	Master and Doctor	10 (8.5)
Occupation	Civil servant	34 (29.1)
	Enterprise staff	44 (37.6)
	Students	18 (15.4)
	Other	21 (17.9)
Family history	Yes	27 (23.1)
	No	90 (76.9)
Course of disease (years)	<1	36 (30.8)
	1–2	30 (25.6)
	2–5	21 (17.9)
	>5	30 (25.6)
Lesions on the exposed sites	Yes	86 (73.5)
	No	31 (26.5)
Severity of disease	Mild	77 (65.8)
	Moderate	24 (20.5)
	Moderate to severe	13 (11.1)
	Severe	3 (2.6)
Stages	Rapid progress	14 (12.0)
	Progressive	68 (58.1)
	Stable	35 (29.9)

Figure 1 The distribution of DLQI (dermatology quality of life index) scores of patients with vitiligo.

Table 2 Comparison Between SCL-90 Score in Patients with Vitiligo and Chinese Norms (mean±SD)

Variables	Patients	Chinese Norms	t	P-value
SCL-90 total score	136.44 ± 39.19	129.19 ± 40.25	2.000	0.048
Somatization	1.36 ± 0.48	1.37 ± 0.46	−0.166	0.868
Obsessive-compulsive	1.73 ± 0.64	1.66 ± 0.58	1.184	0.239
Interpersonal Sensitivity	1.73 ± 0.59	1.51 ± 0.55	3.990	0.000
Depression	1.58 ± 0.60	1.45 ± 0.53	2.268	0.025
Anxiety	1.59 ± 0.57	1.40 ± 0.49	3.591	0.000
Hostility	1.54 ± 0.36	1.48 ± 0.57	1.894	0.061
Phobia	1.32 ± 0.39	1.23 ± 0.39	2.652	0.009
Paranoid ideation	1.46 ± 0.49	1.41 ± 0.50	1.047	0.297
Psychoticism	1.34 ± 0.41	1.34 ± 0.44	−0.085	0.933
Sleeping and eating state	1.46 ± 0.50	1.51 ± 0.58	−1.106	0.271

Abbreviations: SCL-90, symptom checklist 90; SD, standard deviation.

Table 3 Univariate Analysis of Patients with Vitiligo in the Score of Total SCL-90 and Interpersonal Sensitivity, Depression, Anxiety and Phobia (Mean ± SD)

Variables	SCL-90 Total Score	Interpersonal Sensitivity	Depression	Anxiety	Phobia
Gender
Female	143.22 ± 43.66	1.83 ± 0.63	1.74 ± 0.69	1.67 ± 0.62	1.39 ± 0.44
Male	127.02 ± 29.91	1.59 ± 0.50	1.35 ± 0.37	1.47 ± 0.47	1.23 ± 0.27
t	2.381	2.145	3.906	2.007	2.462
P-value	0.019	0.034	0.000	0.047	0.015
Marital status
Married	128.50 ± 31.73	1.61 ± 0.50	1.43 ± 0.47	1.47 ± 0.44	1.26 ± 0.30
Unmarried	147.45 ± 45.75	1.90 ± 0.66	1.78 ± 0.71	1.75 ± 0.68	1.42 ± 0.47
t	−2.499	−2.690	−2.969	−2.474	−2.078
P-value	0.015	0.008	0.004	0.016	0.041
Severity of disease
Mild	132.75 ± 41.71	1.63 ± 0.59	1.50 ± 0.63	1.56 ± 0.60	1.29 ± 0.40
Moderate	135.00 ± 26.96	1.78 ± 0.58	1.54 ± 0.42	1.54 ± 0.43	1.34 ± 0.34
Moderate to severe	151.69 ± 37.72	2.09 ± 0.46	1.85 ± 0.52	1.75 ± 0.55	1.43 ± 0.42
Severe	176.33 ± 39.88	2.30 ± 0.13	2.49 ± 0.73	2.17 ± 0.60	1.52 ± 0.22
F	1.980	3.670	3.824	1.577	0.736
P-value	0.121	0.014	0.012	0.199	0.533
Stages
Rapid progress	169.36 ± 33.07^a	2.33 ± 0.47^a	2.08 ± 0.46^a	1.92 ± 0.52^a	1.56 ± 0.37^a
Progressive	134.65 ± 41.48	1.67 ± 0.59	1.53 ± 0.62	1.60 ± 0.64	1.32 ± 0.42
Stable	126.74 ± 29.67	1.60 ± 0.50	1.46 ± 0.52	1.44 ± 0.37^b	1.23 ± 0.28^c
F	6.678	9.609	6.254	3.714	3.787
P-value	0.002	0.000	0.003	0.027	0.026
Lesions on the exposed sites
Yes	141.00 ± 42.81	1.80 ± 0.63	1.66 ± 0.66	1.65 ± 0.62	1.36 ± 0.42
No	123.77 ± 22.78	1.52 ± 0.41	1.35 ± 0.32	1.42 ± 0.36	1.22 ± 0.25
t	2.793	2.885	3.323	2.471	2.299
P-value	0.006	0.005	0.001	0.015	0.024

Notes: ^{a, b, c}Indicates that there is significant difference between this group and the other two groups (P < 0.05).

Abbreviations: SCL-90, symptom checklist 90; SD, standard deviation.

Table 4 Comparison Between SADS Score in Patients with Vitiligo and Chinese Norms (mean±SD)

Variables	Patients	Chinese Norms	t	P-value
SADS total score	10.30 ± 6.38	8.03 ± 4.64	3.847	0.000
Social avoidance	5.13 ± 3.38	4.14 ± 2.62	3.163	0.002
Social distress	5.17 ± 3.67	3.92 ± 3.10	3.684	0.000

Abbreviations: SADS, social avoidance and distress scale; SD, standard deviation.

Table 5 Univariate Analysis of Patients with Vitiligo in the Score of Total SADS, Social Avoidance and Social Distress (mean±SD)

Variables	SADS Total Score	Social Avoidance	Social Distress
Gender
Female	11.25 ± 6.58	5.69 ± 3.39	5.56 ± 3.83
Male	8.98 ± 5.91	4.35 ± 3.24	4.63 ± 3.40
t	1.921	2.156	1.351
P-value	0.057	0.033	0.179
Educational attainment
Junior middle school	16.11 ± 5.58	7.67 ± 2.96	8.44 ± 3.13
Junior high school	10.07 ± 5.67	5.23 ± 3.18	4.84 ± 3.49
Junior college and Bachelor	9.89 ± 6.55	4.83 ± 3.49	5.06 ± 3.67
Master and Doctor	8.30 ± 7.18	4.00 ± 3.30	4.30 ± 3.95
F	3.065	2.287	2.836
P-value	0.031	0.082	0.041
Severity of disease
Mild	9.30 ± 5.63	4.71 ± 3.03	4.58 ± 3.31
Moderate	10.42 ± 6.60	4.54 ± 3.60	5.88 ± 3.39
Moderate to severe	13.85 ± 7.02	7.23 ± 3.14	6.62 ± 4.74
Severe	19.67 ± 10.12	11.33 ± 2.89	8.33 ± 7.23
F	4.502	6.477	2.449
P-value	0.005	0.000	0.067
Stages
Rapid progress	15.50 ± 7.14^a	7.50 ± 3.30^a	8.00 ± 4.17^a
Progressive	9.81 ± 6.10	4.71 ± 3.32	5.10 ± 3.49
Stable	9.17 ± 5.75	5.00 ± 3.22	4.17 ± 3.32
F	5.850	4.226	5.925
P-value	0.004	0.017	0.004

Notes: ^aIndicates that there is significant difference between this group and the other two groups (P < 0.05).

Abbreviations: SADS, social avoidance and distress scale; SD, standard deviation.

Table 6 Comparison Between MCMQ Score in Patients with Vitiligo and Chinese Norms (mean±SD)

Variables	Patients (Min-Max)	Chinese Norms	t	P-value
Face coping	18.44 ± 2.43 (14–26)	19.48 ± 3.81	−4.603	0.000
Avoidance coping	15.34 ± 2.85 (7–22)	14.44 ± 2.97	3.423	0.001
Yield coping	9.48 ± 3.06 (5–18)	8.81 ± 3.17	2.367	0.020

Abbreviations: MCMQ, medical coping modes questionnaire; SD, standard deviation.

Table 7 Impact of Medical Coping on Patients’ Mental Health

Variables		SCL-90 Total Score	Interpersonal Sensitivity	Depression	Anxiety	Phobic
Avoidance coping	R	0.326	0.203	0.309	0.305	0.197
	P-value	0.000	0.028	0.001	0.001	0.033
Yield coping	R	0.583	0.482	0.628	0.576	0.437
	P-value	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000

Abbreviation: SCL-90, symptom checklist 90.

Table 8 Impact of Medical Coping on Patients’ Social Status

Variables		Face Coping	Avoidance Coping	Yield Coping
SADS total score	R	−0.263	0.254	0.526
	P-value	0.004	0.006	0.000
Social avoidance	R	−0.266	0.173	0.472
	P-value	0.004	0.062	0.000
Social distress	R	−0.222	0.282	0.490
	P-value	0.016	0.002	0.000

Abbreviation: SADS, social avoidance and distress scale.