Factors Affecting the Psychological Well-Being of Health Care Workers During the COVID-19 Crisis

Figures & data

Table 1 Sociodemographic Distribution (No. = 541)

Parameter	No.	Percent	Parameter	No.	Percent
Age			Workplace region
1. 30 or younger	128	23.7%	1. Northern	24	4.4%
2. 31–40 years	241	44.5%	2. Southern	365	67.5%
3. 41–50 years	120	22.2%	3. Eastern	28	5.2%
4. 51–60 years	44	8.1%	4. Western	48	8.9%
5. 61 or older	8	1.5%	5. Middle	76	14.0%
Gender			Nationality
1. Male	348	64.3%	1. Saudi	384	71.0%
2. Female	193	35.7%	2. Non-Saudi	157	29.0%
Marital status			Job
1. Married	406	75.0%	1. Physician	175	32.3%
2. Unmarried	135	25.0%	2. Nurse	136	25.1%
Current workplace			3. Dentist	56	10.4%
1. PHC	171	31.6%	4. Pharmacist	45	8.3%
2. Hospital	283	52.3%	5. Admin	23	4.3%
3. Other	87	16.1%	6. Psychologist	6	1.1%
Work hours per week			7. Social worker	8	1.5%
1. < 20 hours	31	5.7%	8. Therapist	2	0.4%
2. 20–29 hours	68	12.6%	9. Paramedic	12	2.2%
3. 30–39 hours	217	40.1%	10. Other	78	14.4%
4. > 40 hours	225	41.6%

Table 2 Spearman Correlation Between Different Sociodemographic Factors and the Mean Scores of Fear, the Total Scores of Anxiety and Depression in the Whole Tested Population (No: 541)

Parameter	Fear		Anxiety Cut Off Point (3)		Depression Cut Off Point (3)
	Coeff	P-value	Coeff	P-value	Coeff	P-value
Age	−0.170	<0.0001***	−0.048	0.636	−0.087	0.388
Gender	−0.057	0.189	−0.091	0.370	0.208	0.038
Nationality	0.003	0.942	−0.142	0.162	0.101	0.316
Marital status	0.034	0.436	0.103	0.312	0.114	0.259
Job	0.155	<0.0001***	−0.087	0.392	−0.254	0.011
Current workplace	0.200	<0.0001***	−0.095	0.352	−0.068	0.499
Work hours per week	0.011	0.014	0.086	0.396	−0.109	0.281
Workplace region	0.155	<0.0001***	−0.132	0.192	−0.099	0.328
History of chronic disease	−0.075	0.080	−0.098	0.335	−0.058	0.569
History of coronavirus infection	0.026	0.540	−0.173	0.088	0.078	0.441
History of close relatives’ or friends’ infection with coronavirus	−0.105	0.015	0.092	0.367	−0.102	0.312
History of close relatives’ or friends’ death from coronavirus	−0.059	0.147	0.217	0.031	0.091	0.366
History of colleagues’ death from coronavirus	−0.070	0.102	0.120	0.238	−0.023	0.820
History of patients’ death from coronavirus	−0.148	0.001**	−0.291	0.003**	−0.257	0.010*

Notes: High significance (***) when P-value < 0.001, moderate significance (**) at 0.01 > P-value ≥0.001 and low significance (*) when 0.05 > P-value ≥0.01.

Figure 1 Graphical presentation of ANOVA and post-hoc test results for fear scores (only significant differences are marked). Data are presented as mean ± SD. (A) Age (P-value by ANOVA = 0.034). (B) Work region (P-value by ANOVA = 0.014). (C) Job (P-value by ANOVA <0.0001).

Figure 2 Graphical presentation of ANOVA and post-hoc test results for anxiety scores (only significant differences are marked). Data are presented as mean ± SD. (A) Age (P-value by ANOVA = 0.020). (B) Work region (P-value by ANOVA <0.0001). (C) Workplace (P-value by ANOVA = 0.003). (D) Job (P-value by ANOVA <0.0001). (E) Work hours (P-value by ANOVA <0.0001).

Figure 3 Graphical presentation of ANOVA and post-hoc test results for depression scores (only significant differences are marked). Data are presented as mean ± SD. (A) Age (P-value by ANOVA = 0.007). (B) Work region (P-value by ANOVA <0.0001). (C) Workplace (P-value by ANOVA = 0.003). (D) Job (P-value by ANOVA <0.0001). (E) Work hours (P-value by ANOVA <0.0001).