The Relationship Between Physical Exercise and Prosocial Behavior of Junior Middle School Students in Post-Epidemic Period: The Chain Mediating Effect of Emotional Intelligence and Sports Learning Motivation and Gender Differences

Figures & data

Figure 1 Chain mediation model.

Table 1 Means, Standard Deviations, and Correlations Among Variables

Variable	M	SD	Gender	1	2	3	4
Gender			1
1 Physical Exercise	20.064	7.714	0.182**	1
2 Emotional Intelligence	3.784	0.385	0.080**	0.152**	1
3 Physical Education Learning Motivation	3.724	0.549	0.025	0.107**	0.334**	1
4 Prosocial Behavior	3.761	0.463	−0.040	0.137**	0.584**	0.247**	1

Notes: N = 1053; ** p<0.01. The same below.

Table 2 Differences in Gender

Variable	Gender	Number (%)	M	SD	t	p
PE	Male	534(50.71)	21.20	7.72	6.367	0.000
	Female	519(49.29)	19.94	7.67
PSB	Male	534(50.71)	3.78	0.46	1.375	0.169
	Female	519(49.29)	3.74	0.46
EI	Male	534(50.71)	3.82	0.39	2.756	0.006
	Female	519(49.29)	3.75	0.37
PELM	Male	534(50.71)	3.71	0.54	−0.873	0.383
	Female	519(49.29)	3.74	0.55

Table 3 Differences in Grade

Variable	Grade	Number (%)	M	SD	F	p
PE	One	353(33.52)	18.96	6.76	9.121	0.000
	Two	347(32.95)	20.06	7.67
	Three	353(33.52)	22.17	7.69
PSB	One	353(33.52)	3.68	0.47	11.765	0.000
	Two	347(32.95)	3.84	0.46
	Three	353(33.52)	3.76	0.45
EI	One	353(33.52)	3.75	0.40	3.758	0.024
	Two	347(32.95)	3.82	0.37
	Three	353(33.52)	3.78	0.38
PELM	One	353(33.52)	3.54	0.49	38.203	0.000
	Two	347(32.95)	3.85	0.51
	Three	353(33.52)	3.79	0.58

Table 4 Mediating Effect and Effect Size

Path	Effect Size	The Proportion of the Mediation Effect to the Total Effect	95% Confidence Interval
			Lower Limit	Upper Limit
PE→EI→ PSB	0.055	0.055/0.058=0.948	0.0340	0.079
PE→PELM→ PSB	0.002	0.002/0.058=0.034	0.0001	0.0064
PE→EI→PELM→ PSB	0.002	0.005/0.058=0.034	0.0001	0.0042
Total effect	0.058

Note: N = 1053.

Figure 2 Chain mediation Model (M1).

Note: * p<0.05, ** p<0.01.

Figure 3 Chain mediation Model (M2 Male group).

Note: ** p<0.01.

Figure 4 Chain mediation Model (M3 Female group).

Note: * p<0.05, ** p<0.01.