How Does Parent-Adolescent Conflict and Deviant Peer Affiliation Affect Cyberbullying: Examining the Roles of Moral Disengagement and Gender

Figures & data

Figure 1 Assumption model of the current study.

Table 1 Descriptive Statistics and Correlations Between All Study Variables

Variables	M (SD)	1	2	3	4	5	6
1.Gender	1.43(0.50)	1
2.Age	13.57(0.98)	−0.07*	1
3.Parent-adolescent conflict	21.14(6.31)	0.07	−0.20**	1
4.Deviant peer affiliation	10.60(3.41)	−0.16**	0.11**	0.21**	1
5.Moral disengagement	48.42(11.65)	−0.21**	−0.03	0.24**	0.26**	1
6.Cyberbullying	6.43(1.57)	−0.14**	0.03	0.13**	−0.33**	0.33**	1

Notes: For Gender, Male = 1, Female = 2. *p < 0.05. **p<0.01.

Table 2 Description and Comparison of Key Variables by Gender

Variables	Gender	M	SD	t
Parent-adolescent conflict	Male	20.76	6.42	−1.89
	Female	21.63	6.15
Deviant peer affiliation	Male	11.08	3.70	4.53***
	Female	9.98	2.87
Moral disengagement	Male	50.52	12.44	5.87***
	Female	45.67	9.88
Cyberbullying	Male	6.62	2.00	3.86***
	Female	6.18	0.62

Note: ***p<0.001.

Table 3 Summary Table of Mediation Effect Analysis

Variables	Moral Disengagement		Cyberbullying
	β	t	β	t
Grade	0.04	1.85	0.03	2.11*
Parent-adolescent conflict	0.14	6.92***	0.02	1.95
Moral disengagement			0.18	8.88***
R^2	0.06		0.13
F	24.64***		33.96***
Grade	−0.00	−0.12	0.01	1.05
Deviant peer affiliation	0.27	7.24***	0.11	5.02***
Moral disengagement			0.17	8.19***
R^2	0.07		0.14
F	26.91***		42.00***

Notes: *p<0.05; ***p<0.001.

Table 4 Summary of Moderated Mediation Effect Analysis (In terms of Parent-adolescent conflict)

Predictor Variables	Outcome Variables
	Moral Disengagement		Cyberbullying
	β	t	β	t
Grade	0.03	1.43	0.02	1.66
Parent-adolescent conflict	0.13	2.28*	0.06	1.73
Moral disengagement			0.35	5.66***
Gender	−0.22	−2.02*	0.27	3.03**
Parent-adolescent conflict × Gender	0.01	0.21
Parent-adolescent conflict × Gender			−0.02	−1.00
Moral disengagement × Gender			−0.14	−3.09**
R^2	0.11		0.14
F	23.33***		20.34***

Notes: *p<0.05;**p<0.01; ***p<0.001.

Table 5 Summary of Moderated Mediation Effect Analysis (In terms of Deviant peer affiliation)

Predictor Variables	Outcome Variables
	Moral Disengagement		Cyberbullying
	β	t	β	t
Grade	−0.01	−0.35	0.01	0.74
Deviant peer affiliation	0.41	3.77***	0.19	3.00**
Moral disengagement			0.32	5.26***
Gender	0.01	0.13	0.28	3.14**
Deviant peer affiliation × Gender	−0.13	−1.66
Deviant peer affiliation × Gender			−0.07	−1.50
Moral disengagement × Gender			−0.12	−2.85**
R^2	0.10		0.16
F	20.62***		23.75***

Notes: **p<0.01; ***p<0.001.

Figure 2 The moderated mediating model.

Figure 3 The effect of the interaction between moral disengagement and gender on cyberbullying in adolescent (In terms of Parent-adolescent conflict).

Figure 4 The effect of the interaction between moral disengagement and gender on cyberbullying in adolescent (In terms of Deviant peer affiliation).