Individual Job Crafting and Supervisory Support: An Examination of Supervisor Attribution and Crafter Credibility

Figures & data

Figure 1 The conceptual model of this study.

Table 1 Demographic Data of Participants

Characteristics		Employee		Supervisor
		N	%	N	%
Gender	Male	128	48.48%	32	52.46%
	Female	136	51.52%	29	47.54%
Age	Under 22	13	4.92%	0	0.00%
	22–30	91	34.47%	12	19.67%
	30–38	103	39.02%	27	44.26%
	38–46	48	18.18%	13	21.31%
	Over 46	9	3.41%	9	14.75%
Tenure	Under 1 year	52	19.70%	1	1.64%
	1–3 years	53	20.08%	11	18.03%
	3–5 years	82	31.06%	16	26.23%
	5–7 years	35	13.26%	25	40.98%
	Over 7 years	42	15.91%	8	13.11%
Education	Associate degree or below	32	12.12%	5	8.20%
	Bachelor’s degree	171	64.77%	33	54.10%
	Master’s degree	61	23.11%	19	31.15%
	Doctorate degree	0	0.00%	4	6.56%

Notes: For employee sample, sample size = 264; For supervisor sample, sample size = 61.

Table 2 Model Fit Results for Confirmatory Factor Analyses

Models	χ^2/df	Δχ^2	CFI	TLI	RMSEA	SRMR
1.Six-factor: APJC, AVJC, PMA, EIA, CC, SS	2.25	–	0.90	0.89	0.07	0.06
2.Five-factor: APJC+AVJC, PMA, EIA, CC, SS	3.81	1340.36**	0.77	0.75	0.10	0.12
3.Five-factor: APJC, AVJC, PMA+EIA, CC, SS	2.83	503.18**	0.85	0.84	0.08	0.07
4.Five-factor: APJC, AVJC, PMA+SS, EIA, CC	2.86	527.21**	0.85	0.84	0.08	0.08
5.Five-factor: APJC, AVJC, PMA, EIA+SS, CC	3.08	719.74**	0.83	0.82	0.09	0.09
6.Four-factor: APJC+AVJC, PMA+EIA, CC, SS	4.34	1808.73**	0.72	0.71	0.11	0.13
7.Three-factor: APJC+AVJC+PMA+EIA, CC, SS	5.40	2723.01**	0.64	0.62	0.13	0.16
8.Two-factor: APJC+AVJC+PMA+EIA+CC, SS	6.49	3676.45**	0.54	0.52	0.14	0.18
9.Single-factor: APJC+AVJC+PMA+EIA+CC+SS	7.92	4907.70**	0.42	0.40	0.16	0.19

Notes: N = 264; **p < 0.01. (Two-tailed).

Abbreviations: APJC, approach job crafting; AVJC, avoidance job crafting; PMA, prosocial motives attribution; EIA, egoistic intentions attribution; CC, crafter credibility; SS, supervisory support; CFI, comparative fit index; TLI, Tucker-Lewis index; RMSEA, root mean squared error of approximation; SRMR, standardized root mean-square residual.

Table 3 Factor Loading and Convergent Validity

Variables	Order	Loading Factor	CR	AVE	Variables	Order	Loading Factor	CR	AVE
Approach job crafting	Q1	0.797	0.965	0.645	Prosocial motives attribution	Q22	0.781	0.868	0.622
	Q2	0.781				Q23	0.799
	Q3	0.803				Q24	0.766
	Q4	0.800				Q25	0.809
	Q5	0.804			Egoistic intentions attribution	Q26	0.839	0.918	0.736
	Q6	0.784				Q27	0.894
	Q7	0.810				Q28	0.871
	Q8	0.856				Q29	0.827
	Q9	0.834			Crafter credibility	Q30	0.845	0.922	0.702
	Q10	0.860				Q31	0.873
	Q11	0.781				Q32	0.830
	Q12	0.788				Q33	0.832
	Q13	0.806				Q34	0.808
	Q14	0.771			Supervisory support	Q35	0.791	0.939	0.632
	Q15	0.764				Q36	0.791
Avoidance job crafting	Q16	0.837	0.947	0.749		Q37	0.803
	Q17	0.851				Q38	0.824
	Q18	0.883				Q39	0.815
	Q19	0.884				Q40	0.795
	Q20	0.879				Q41	0.787
	Q21	0.859				Q42	0.744
						Q43	0.801

Abbreviations: CR, composite reliability; AVE, average variance extraction.

Table 4 Means, Standard Deviations, and Correlations Among Variables

Variables	Mean	SD	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12
1. Gender	0.52	0.50	–
2. Age	2.81	0.91	0.12	–
3. Tenure	2.86	1.32	0.04	0.65**	–
4. Education	2.11	0.58	–0.06	0.01	–0.02	–
5. Approach job crafting	3.35	0.55	0.01	–0.08	–0.07	0.12*	(0.96)
6. Avoidance job crafting	2.26	0.79	–0.06	0.07	0.07	–0.13*	–0.41**	(0.95)
7. Prosocial motives attribution	3.69	0.62	0.04	–0.11	–0.01	0.17**	0.50**	–0.44**	(0.87)
8. Egoistic intentions attribution	2.79	0.77	–0.08	0.03	0.00	–0.14*	–0.38**	0.53**	–0.51**	(0.92)
9. Crafter credibility	3.69	0.74	0.06	–0.04	0.02	0.04	–0.08	–0.44**	0.67**	–0.50**	(0.92)
10. Past performance	3.28	1.02	0.04	0.12	0.13*	–0.04	0.01	–0.05	0.06	0.01	0.07	(0.95)
11. Leader-member exchange	3.46	0.83	–0.14*	–0.01	0.01	–0.06	–0.04	–0.03	0.05	–0.04	0.05	0.06	(0.94)
12. Supervisory support	3.58	0.58	0.06	–0.05	0.03	0.21**	0.39**	–0.37**	0.63**	–0.42**	0.31**	–0.01	–0.02	(0.94)

Notes: N = 264. Cronbach’s alpha coefficients are on the diagonal in parentheses. **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05 (two-tailed).

Abbreviation: SD, standard deviations.

Table 5 Results of the Hierarchical Regressions

Variables	DV = PMA		DV = SS			DV = EIA		DV = SS
	M1	M2	M3	M4	M5	M6	M7	M8	M9	M10
Gender	0.10	0.09	0.10	0.09	0.04	–0.17	–0.11	0.10	0.07	0.04
Age	–0.14*	–0.12*	–0.09	–0.08	–0.02	0.07	0.04	–0.09	–0.08	–0.07
Tenure	0.05	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.03	–0.03	–0.04	0.06	0.06	0.05
Education	0.20**	0.14*	0.21**	0.17**	0.10*	–0.21*	–0.11	0.21**	0.17	0.14*
PP	0.04	0.04	–0.00	–0.01	–0.02	0.01	0.03	0.00	–0.01	–0.01
LMX	0.05	0.06	–0.00	0.01	–0.02	–0.06	–0.04	0.00	–0.01	–0.02
APJC		0.54**		0.39**	0.10
AVJC							0.50**		–0.25**	–0.14**
PMA					0.52**
EIA										–0.22**
R^2	0.06	0.29	0.06	0.19	0.42	0.04	0.29	0.06	0.18	0.24
ΔR^2	0.06	0.22**	0.06	0.13**	0.36**	0.04	0.25**	0.06	0.12**	0.18**
F	2.91**	14.75**	2.78*	8.77**	22.89**	1.69	15.08**	2.78*	7.85**	9.94**

Notes: N = 264; All coefficients were unstandardized estimates. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 (two-tailed).

Abbreviations: APJC, approach job crafting; AVJC, avoidance job crafting; PMA, prosocial motives attribution; EIA, egoistic intentions attribution; PP, past performance; LMX, leader-member exchange; SS, supervisory support; DV, dependent variable.

Table 6 Results of the Conditional Effect

Models	Crafter Credibility	Indirect effect	SE	95% CI
Approach job crafting → Prosocial motives attribution → Supervisory support	M – 1SD	0.12**	0.02	[0.08, 0.18]
	M	0.19**	0.02	[0.15, 0.24]
	M + 1SD	0.26**	0.03	[0.20, 0.33]
Index 1 of moderated mediation		0.07**	0.02	[0.04, 0.10]
Avoidance job crafting → Egoistic intentions attribution → Supervisory support	M – 1SD	–0.06**	0.02	[–0.10, –0.03]
	M	–0.04*	0.01	[–0.07, –0.01]
	M + 1SD	–0.01	0.02	[–0.04, 0.02]
Index 2 of moderated mediation		0.03**	0.01	[0.01, 0.04]

Notes: N = 264; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 (two-tailed).

Abbreviations: M, mean; SD, standard deviations; SE, standard errors of the regression coefficients; CI, confidence Interval.

Figure 2 Moderating effect of crafter credibility on the relationship between approach job crafting and prosocial motives attribution.

Figure 3 Moderating effect of crafter credibility on the relationship between avoidance job crafting and egoistic intentions attribution.