Resilience and Depressive Symptoms Mediated Pathways from Social Support to Suicidal Ideation Among Undergraduates During the COVID-19 Campus Lockdown in China

Figures & data

Figure 1 Hypothesized pathways from social support to suicidal ideation in the conceptual model.

Table 1 Sociodemographic Characteristics Among the Distribution of Suicidal Ideation

Variable	n (%)	Never (n = 11,731)	Sometimes (n = 955)	Often (n = 109)	Always (n = 122)	χ^2	p
Sex						80.630	< 0.001
Male	5512 (42.7)	4874 (88.4)	488 (8.9)	70 (1.3)	80 (1.5)
Female	7405 (57.3)	6857 (92.6)	467 (6.3)	39 (0.5)	42 (0.6)
Age						1.027	0.795
17–20	5293 (41.0)	4791 (90.5)	404 (7.6)	47 (0.9)	51 (1.0)
21–26	7624 (59.0)	6940 (91.0)	551 (7.2)	62 (0.8)	71 (0.9)
Residence						1.647	0.651
Rural	5628 (43.6)	5126 (91.1)	402 (7.1)	44 (0.8)	56 (1.0)
Urban	7289 (56.4)	6605 (90.6)	553 (7.6)	65 (0.9)	66 (0.9)

Table 2 Sociodemographic Characteristics Among the Distribution of Depressive Symptoms

Variable	n (%)	Yes (n = 1704)	No (n = 11,213)	χ^2	p
Sex				16.326	< 0.001
Male	5512 (42.7)	804 (14.6)	4708 (85.4)
Female	7405 (57.3)	900 (12.2)	6505 (87.8)
Age				2.998	0.086
17–20	5293 (41.0)	731 (13.8)	4652 (86.2)
21–26	7624 (59.0)	973 (12.8)	6651 (87.2)
Residence				1.039	0.319
Rural	5628 (43.6)	723 (12.8)	4905 (87.2)
Urban	7289 (56.4)	981 (13.5)	6308 (86.5)

Figure 2 Bivariate Spearman correlations among study variables.

Note: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.

Table 3 Standardized Loadings Based on Confirmatory Factor Analysis for Social Support

Factors	Factor loading	Mean	SD
Family support	0.85	22.50	4.52
Friends’ support	0.79	22.22	4.48
Significant others’ support	0.82	21.73	4.67

Notes: CFA model fit indices: RMSEA = 0.056; SRMR = 0.020; CFI = 0.988; GFI = 0.983.

Abbreviation: SD, standard deviation.

Table 4 Standardized Direct, Indirect, and Total Path Effects from Social Support to Suicidal Ideation

Effects	Pathways	β	S.E.	p	BC 95% CI
Direct effects	Social support → Resilience	0.592	0.009	< 0.001	0.575 to 0.610
	Social support → Depression	−0.178	0.014	< 0.001	−0.204 to −0.151
	Social support → Suicidal ideation	−0.058	0.016	0.001	−0.090 to −0.028
	Resilience → Depression	−0.342	0.013	< 0.001	−0.368 to −0.315
	Resilience → Suicidal ideation	−0.064	0.015	< 0.001	−0.094 to −0.036
	Depression → Suicidal ideation	0.491	0.013	< 0.001	0.465 to 0.516
Indirect effects	Social support → Resilience → Suicidal ideation	−0.038	0.009	< 0.001	−0.055 to −0.022
	Social support → Depression → Suicidal ideation	−0.087	0.007	< 0.001	−0.100 to −0.074
	Social support → Resilience→ Depression → Suicidal ideation	−0.099	0.005	< 0.001	−0.110 to −0.090
Total effects	Social support → Suicidal ideation	−0.283	0.013	< 0.001	−0.309 to −0.257

Abbreviations: S.E., standard error; BC 95% CI, bias-corrected 95% confidence intervals.

Figure 3 Standardized estimates of the pathways from social support to suicidal ideation in the model.

Note: **p < 0.01. Fitting of the model: RMSEA = 0.030; SRMR = 0.009; CFI = 0.996; GFI = 0.997; AGFI = 0.991; TLI = 0.990.