More Positive Emotion, Less Stress Perception?

Figures & data

Table 1 Demographic Information of Participants

		Total (n=1,051)
		n	%
Age
	≤18	9	0.9
	19–29	504	48.0
	30–49	459	43.7
	≥50	79	7.5
Quarantined days at home (M±SD)		20.08	8.411
Annual household income
	Less than 150	464	44.1
	150–320	316	30.1
	More than 320	271	25.8
Gender
	Male	626	59.6
	Female	425	40.4
Occupation
	Student and retired or unemployed personnel	151	14.4
	Specialized person (eg, teacher, doctor, government related staff)	229	21.8
	Company employee or manager	206	19.6
	Military personnel	388	36.9
	Others (eg, service workers, freelancer, no respondence)	77	7.3
Education
	High school or less	150	14.3
	Junior college	295	28.1
	Bachelor degree	323	30.7
	Master degree or above	283	27
Live with the elderly
	No	843	80.2
	Yes	208	19.8
Live with children
	No	612	58.2
	One child	342	32.5
	Two children	95	9.0
	Three children	2	0.2

Figure 1 The average score of different perceived stress.

Figure 2 The average score of different negative emotion states.

Table 2 Perceived Stress and Negative Emotion State by Demographic Information

		Perceived Stress		F	p	Negative Emotion State		F	p
		M	SD			M	SD
Age				121.366	0.000***			115.625	0.000***
	≤18	2.989	1.501			2.952	1.849
	19–29	2.240	1.569			2.377	1.774
	30–49	4.271	1.783			4.504	1.842
	≥50	3.770	1.627			4.271	1.944
Quarantined days at home				50.494	0.000***			42.410	0.000***
	More	3.776	1.899			3.979	2.118
	Less	2.923	1.887			3.129	2.014
Annual household income				67.017	0.000***			61.451	0.000***
	Less than 150	2.546	1.819			2.714	1.819
	150–320	3.574	1.881			3.833	1.995
	More than 320	4.071	1.765			4.278	1.893
Gender				215.836	0.000***			208.349	0.000***
	Male	2.590	1.768			2.751	1.979
	Female	4.218	1.757			4.487	1.813
Occupation				81.161	0.000***			80.907	0.000***
	Student and retired or unemployed personnel	3.375	1.752			3.796	2.106
	Specialized person (eg, teacher, doctor, government related staff)	4.083	1.757			4.334	1.773
	Company employee or manager	4.397	1.857			4.642	1.851
	Military personnel	2.116	1.488			2.212	1.661
	Others (eg, service workers, freelancer, no respondence)	3.147	1.896			3.239	2.188
Live with the elderly				106.151	0.000***			64.069	0.000***
	No	2.957	1.837			3.204	2.073
	Yes	4.429	1.879			4.464	1.866
Live with children				102.778	0.000***			78.027	0.000***
	No	2.477	1.642			2.705	1.937
	One child	4.281	1.770			4.519	1.826
	Two children	4.540	1.853			4.484	1.886
	Three children	1.25	0.07			1.29	0.20

Note: *** p<0.001.

Table 3 Regression Analyses with Perceived Stress Score as the Dependent Variable

Variables		Perceived Stress			R Square	Adjusted R Square	R Square Change	F	p-value
		B	β	t
Step 1
	Female vs male	0.883	0.224	7.255***	0.273	0.270	0.273	78.660	0.000***
	Student and retired or unemployed personnel vs specialized person	−0.657	−0.119	−3.789***
	Company employee or manager vs specialized person	0.213	0.044	1.334
	Military personnel vs specialized person	−1.522	−0.380	−10.09***
	Others vs specialized person	−0.721	−0.097	−3.282**
Step 2
	Female vs male	0.647	0.164	5.208***	0.318	0.312	0.045	48.604	0.000***
	Student and retired or unemployed personnel vs specialized person	−0.453	−0.082	−2.635**
	Company employee or manager vs specialized person	0.163	0.033	1.042
	Military personnel vs specialized person	−1.027	−0.256	−6.261***
	Others vs specialized person	−0.514	−0.069	−2.364*
	Income less than 150 vs more than 320	0.139	0.036	0.889
	Income 150–320 vs more than 320	0.134	0.032	0.967
	Live with the elderly vs no	0.432	0.089	3.115**
	Live with children vs no	0.850	0.217	6.174***
	Quarantined days at home	0.014	0.063	2.433*
Step 3
	Female vs male	0.032	0.076	3.124**	0.597	0.593	0.279	128.325	0.000***
	Student and retired or unemployed personnel vs specialized person	−0.283	−0.051	−2.135*
	Company employee or manager vs specialized person	0.096	0.020	0.801
	Military personnel vs specialized person	−0.373	−0.093	−2.892**
	Others vs specialized person	−0.103	−0.014	−0.610
	Income less than 150 vs more than 320	−0.009	−0.002	−0.075
	Income 150–320 vs more than 320	0.015	0.004	0.142
	Live with the elderly vs no	0.425	0.087	3.977***
	Live with children vs no	0.473	0.121	4.43***
	Quarantined days at home	0.007	0.032	1.621
	Middle negative emotion state vs low	2.036	0.515	22.928***
	High negative emotion state vs low	3.991	0.395	19.144***

Note: * p<0.05; ** p<0.01; *** p<0.001.

Abbreviations: B, unstandardized beta; β, standardized regression weight.

Figure 3 Negative emotion state mediates the relationship between quarantined days at home and perceived stress.

Note: * p<0.05; ** p<0.01; *** p<0.001.