Serum CC Chemokines as Potential Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder

Figures & data

Table 1 Clinical Characteristics of Control Group and MDD Group

Variables	Control Group	MSDD Group	t/χ^2	P
Age	43.17 ± 2.29	38.13 ± 2.87	1.373	0.176
Sex (female/male)	15/9	15/9	0.000	1.000
BMI (kg/m^2)	22.65 ± 0.40	21.78 ± 0.60	1.214	0.232
HAMD-24	4.83 ± 0.26	34.88 ± 1.56	−19.014	< 0.001

Table 2 Comparison of Serum Cytokines Between Control Group and MDD Group

Variables (pg/mL)	Control Group	MDD Group	t	P	Effect Size d	Power
MCP-1 (CCL-2)	209.24 ± 20.75	156.36 ± 11.92	2.233	0.031	0.65	0.59
MIP-1α (CCL-3)	23.76 ± 2.94	171.47 ± 36.12	−4.165	< 0.001	1.20	0.98
MIP-1β (CCL-4)	165.25 ± 24.10	264.41 ± 40.27	−2.285	0.029	0.62	0.56
Eotaxin-1 (CCL-11)	133.42 ± 9.55	118.47 ± 9.76	0.148	0.883
MCP-4 (CCL-13)	98.25±8.04	37.83±6.42	5.872	< 0.001	1.69	1.00
TARC (CCL-17)	201.07 ± 24.01	100.41 ± 12.82	3.629	0.001	1.10	0.96
MIP-3α (CCL-20)	28.04 ± 11.24	17.05 ± 7.78	0.798	0.429
MDC (CCL-22)	923.55±54.53	704.87± 40.41	3.222	0.002	0.94	0.89
Eotaxin-3 (CCL-26)	5.14 ± 0.82	2.23 ± 0.38	3.218	0.003	1.00	0.92

Figure 1 Serum levels of different CC chemokines in control group and MDD group. (A) Comparison of MCP-1; (B) Comparison of MIP-1α; (C) Comparison of MIP-1β; (D) Comparison of MCP-4; (E) Comparison of TARC; (F) Comparison of MDC; (G) Comparison of Eotaxin-3. The data are presented as the mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01.

Table 3 ROC Analysis of Different Cytokines in Discriminating Patients with MDD from Healthy Volunteers

Variables (pg/mL)	AUC	P	95% CI		Cut-Off (pg/mL)	Sensitivity	Specificity
			Lower Bound	Upper Bound
MIP-1α	0.891	<0.001	0.787	0.996	34.92	87.0	87.5
MCP-4	0.980	<0.001	0.000	1.000	46.31	94.4	89.5
TARC	0.854	<0.001	0.732	0.976	136.30	72.7	84.2
Eotaxin-3	0.779	0.001	0.630	0.929	3.20	61.1	84.2
Combination	1.000	<0.001	1.000	1.000

Figure 2 ROC curves of different CC chemokines in identification of patients with MDD from healthy volunteers. (A) ROC curve of MCP-1; (B) ROC curve of MIP-1α; (C) ROC curve of MIP-1β; (D) ROC curve of MCP-4; (E) ROC curve of TARC; (F) ROC curve of MDC; (G) ROC curve of Eotaxin-3.

Figure 3 Correlation between HAMD-24 scores and the levels of CC chemokines in MDD group. (A) Correlation between HAMD-24 scores and the levels of CC chemokines (original data); (B) Correlation between HAMD-24 scores and the levels of CC chemokines (log2 transformed). ×: no significance.