Anxiety and Associated Factors Among Clients on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) in Public Hospitals of Southern Ethiopia: A Multi-Center Cross-Sectional Study

Figures & data

Figure 1 Schematic presentation of sampling procedure for assessing prevalence of anxiety and associated factors among clients on HAART in selected public hospitals of southern Ethiopia, 2021.

Table 1 Socio Demographic Characteristics of Respondents Among Clients on HAART in Selected Public Hospitals of Southern Ethiopia, 2021 (N=425)

Characteristics	Category	Frequency	Percent
Sex	Male	177	41.6
	Female	248	58.4
Age	18–27	82	19.3
	28–37	183	43.1
	38–47	114	26.8
	>47	46	10.8
Marital status	Single	149	35.1
	Married	222	52.2
	Divorced	32	7.5
	Widowed	22	5.2
Educational status	Unable to read and write	37	8.7
	Able to read and write	106	24.9
	Primary (1–8)	83	19.5
	Secondary (9–12)	96	22.6
	Tertiary (college and above)	103	24.2
Occupation	Housewife	79	18.6
	Gov’t employee	90	21.2
	Farmer	65	15.3
	Merchant	92	21.6
	Daily laborer	58	13.6
	Student	41	9.6
Income	<1425 ETB	63	21.3
	1425–2280 ETB	51	17.2
	>2280 ETB	182	61.5
Number of children	One	35	12.8
	Two	92	33.7
	Three and above	146	53.5

Table 2 Clinical Characterstics of Respondents Among Clients on HAART in Selected Public Hospitals of Southern Ethiopia, 2021 (N=425)

Variables	Category	Frequency	Percent
Diagnosis duration	0–5	309	72.7
	6–10	101	23.8
	≥11	15	3.5
Duration of treatment	0–5	339	79.8
	6–10	78	18.4
	≥11	8	1.9
CD4 count status	<=500 cells/mL	249	58.6
	>500 cells/mL	176	41.4
Stopping ART drug	Yes	72	16.9
	No	353	83.1
Taking ART drug as ordered	Yes	414	97.4
	No	11	2.6
Disclosing HIV status	Yes	322	75.8
	No	103	24.2
To whom disclosed	Partner	111	34.6
	Family	76	23.7
	Brother and sisters	10	3.1
	Relatives	53	16.5
	Friends	21	6.5
	Community	50	15.6
HIV status of the partner	Positive	234	99.6
	Negative	1	0.4
Is the partner on ART	Yes	215	91.9
	No	19	8.1
Comorbid condition	Yes	113	26.6
	No	312	73.4
Which comorbid condition	Hypertension	38	33.6
	Diabetes	40	35.4
	Epilepsy	4	3.5
	Asthma	24	21.2
	Others	7	6.2

Note: NB others: tuberculosis and hepatitis.

Table 3 Psychosocial and Substance Use Related Characteristics of Respondents Among Clients on HAART in Selected Public Hospitals of Southern Ethiopia, 2021 (N=425)

Variables	Category	Frequency	Percent
Social support	Low	139	32.7
	Medium	220	51.8
	High	66	15.5
Substance use in life	Yes	157	36.9
	No	268	63.1
Which substance	Tobacco	10	6.4
	Alcohol	113	72
	Khat	32	20.4
	Others	2	1.2
Substance use in last three months	Yes	99	23.3
	No	326	76.7
Which substance	Tobacco	5	5.1
	Alcohol	67	67.7
	Chat	25	25.3
	Others	2	2
Perceived stigma	Yes	147	34.6
	No	278	65.4

Note: NB others: cocaine and pethidine.

Table 4 Bivariate and Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis of Factors Associated with Anxiety Among Clients on HAART in Selected Public Hospitals of Southern Ethiopia, 2021

Characteristics	Anxiety		COR 95% CI	AOR 95% CI
	Yes	No
Sex
Male	23	154	1	1
Female	86	162	3.55(2.13,5.92)	3.24 (1.32,7.97)*
Age
18–27	30	52	1	1
28–37	40	143	0.49(0.27,0.86)	1.25(0.35, 4.56)
38–47	29	85	0.59(0.32,1.10)	0.65(0.13, 3.32)
>47	10	36	0.48(0.21,1.11)	0.44(0.05,3.88)
Marital status
Single	44	105	1	1
Married	34	188	0.43(0.26,0.72)	1.21(0.30,4.88)
Divorced	20	12	3.98(1.79,8,83)	1.69(0.27,10.52)
Widowed	11	11	2.39(1.1,5.91)	5.47 (1.08,29.72)*
Educational status
Unable to read and write	16	21	5.78(2.38,14.02)	3.31(0.53,20.63)
Able to read and write	40	66	4.60(2.24,9.43)	2.70(0.79,9.23)
Primary (1–8)	22	61	2.74(1.26,5.93)	1.13(0.34,3.82)
Secondary (9–12)	19	77	1.87(0.85,4.09	0.86(0.21,3.58)
Tertiary (college and above)	12	91	1	1
Monthly income
<1425	19	34	4.69(2.27,9.72)	2.71(0.93,7.95)
1425–2280	23	32	6.04(2.97,12.26)	7.29 (2.55,20.88)**
>2280	20	168	1	1
Diagnosis duration
0–5	77	232	1	1
6–10	24	77	0.94(0.56,1.59)	1.28 (0.48,3.41)
≥11	8	7	3.44(1.21,9.81)	0.79 (0.11,5.86)
CD4 count
<=500	70	179	1.37(0.88,2.16)	1.23 (0.55,2.72)
>500	39	137	1	1
Have you ever stopped ART
Yes	14	58	1.53(0.81,2.86)	0.34 (0.09,1.23)
No	95	258	1	1
Taking ART as ordered
Yes	104	310	1	1
No	5	6	2.48(0.74,8.31)	1.35 (0.22,8.36)
Disclosure of HIV status
Yes	70	252	0.46(0.28,0.74)	0.32 (0.09,1.13)
No	39	64	1	1
Comorbid condition
Yes	41	72	2.04(1.28,3.26)	5.47 (1.92,15.62)*
No	68	244	1	1
Perceived stigma
Yes	71	76	5.9(3.68,9.45)	8.34 (3.49,19.91)**
No	38	240	1	1
Social support
Low	54	85	4.61(2.04,10.39)	2.30(0.54,9.76)
Medium	47	173	1.97(0.88,4.41)	.97(0.23,4.09)
High	8	58	1	1

Note: NB 1.00 –References, *P value less than 0.05 and **P value less than 0.01.